African Kingdoms

The House of Muhammad Ali in Egypt
AD 1805 - 1953

Muhammad Ali seized a weakened Egypt from the Mameluke sultans. The Egyptians were still under the authority of the Ottoman empire, however.

1805 - 1848

Muhammad Ali

Pasha.

1818 - 1822

Muhammed Ali occupies Arabia. Between 1820-1822 he also conquers Sudan.

1827

Ordered by the Ottoman empire to send a fleet to Greece to put a stop to the efforts being made for independence there, Muhammed Ali's fleet is sunk by vessels sent by the Russians, French and British.

1838 - 1843

Muhammed Ali re-occupies Arabia.

1848

Ibrahim

1848 - 1854

Abbas Hilmi I

1854 - 1863

Muhammad Said

1859

Contruction on the Suez Canal is started by the British.

1863 - 1879

Ismail

Khedive 1867-1879 (d.1895).

1869

The Suez Canal is opened. Britain buys Khedive's share in the canal in 1875.

1872 - 1874

Ismail conquers South Sudan.

1879 - 1892

Muhammad Tawfiq

1881 - 1882

The Sudanese revolt under the Mahdi against Turco-Egyptian administration, and the following year the British occupation of Egypt begins.

1892 - 1914

Abbas Hilmi II

(d.1944)

1914 - 1922

Egypt becomes a British Protectorate.

1914 - 1917

Husayn Kamil

Sultan.

1917 - 1936

Ahmad Fuad I

Sultan 1917-1922. King in 1922.

1936 - 1952

Faruq / Farouk

Deposed by military coup (d.1965).

1952 - 1953

A group of army officers overthrow King Farouk and declare Egypt a republic.

1952 - 1953

Ahmad Fuad II

1954

Parliamentary rule is instigated.

1958 - 1961

Syria and Egypt agree the United Arab Republic, whereby the two countries merge. The agreement lasts until a coup in Syria causes it to secede.

1967

The Yom Kippur War of Egypt and Jordan against Israel. Jordan loses the West Bank, a third of the kingdom.