European Kingdoms

Carinthia

Situated in the south of Austria, on the frontier with modern Slovenia. Carinthia was settled by tribal Slavs after the collapse of the Roman Empire. It enjoyed a short-lived period of independence under Samo in the seventh century. Later, while the German Holy Roman Empire was becoming more important in Central Europe, waves of German immigrants, from Austria and Bavaria, settled the land, and eventually a duchy was established.

15 BC - AD 445

Part of the Roman Empire.

c.445 - 460

Part of the Hunnic Empire.

c.460 - 488

Part of the Ostrogoths' territory.

c.488 - 525

The area is settled by tribal Slavs. There is no overall regional control. Carinthia then becomes a border zone between the Avars and the Bavarii during the sixth and seventh centuries.

Slav Kingdom in Carinthia, Hungary & Moravia
c.AD 623 - 658

The Slav kingdom formed a wide sausage-shaped strip of territory stretching from the borders of the Frankish Empire in the west along to Moravia in the east. Although its short history is very cloudy - as are its exact borders - it seems to have followed the line of the Danube almost from its westerly beginnings to a point east of which it turns south towards the Balkans.

c.623

Samo, a former Franconian merchant, trades with the Slavs of Bohemia, Hungary, Moravia, Slovakia and Carinthia. They recognise his leadership abilities and the latter elect him as king. With his help they defeat their greatest enemy, the Asiatic Avars.

c.623 - 658

Samo Poti Byl Otec (Lord of the Road)

Elected ruler.

631 / 632

The Slavs are blamed for killing Franconian merchants. The king of the Franks, Dagobert I, sends an army to punish them. At the Battle of Wogastisburg, an army under Samo defeats them.

658

The Slav kingdom does not last after Samo's death. Instead, a Slav principality is formed from the kingdom's remnants in Carinthia (Austria), while the Avars resume control of Hungary.

Principality of Khorushka
c.AD 658 - 820

c.658 - 745

Three princes (names unknown)

c.745 - 750

Borut

750 - 752/3

Gorazd

752/3 - 769/70

Khotimir

769/70 - 788

Waltunk

788

Khorushka is conquered by the Carolingian Empire, but the local princes are allowed to continue to rule.

788 - ?

Pribislav

Semika

Stoimir

? - 819

Etgar

819 - 820

Ludevit of Posavian Croatia

Died 823.

843

After the Treaty of Verdun, Khorushka falls under the control of the East Franks in Germany, and then the Holy Roman Empire (until its dissolution in 1806). Local rule is temporarily ended.

889 - 947

The region of Carinthia (Carantania) comes more or less under the control of Bavaria. Following this, a duchy is gradually established during the tenth century.

Duchy of Carinthia (Non Dynastic)

927 - 947

Berthold Luitpolding

947 - 976

Bavaria re-establishes direct rule.

976 - 978

Henry I Luitpolding

978 - 995

Bavaria rules Carinthia.

995 - 1004

Otto II the Salian

1004 - 1011

Conrad I the Salian

Same as HRE Conrad I the Salian?

1011 - 1035

Adalberon of Eppenstein

1035 - 1039

Conrad II the Salian

1039 - 1055

Welf of Altdorf

1054

The Carinthian province of Slovenia becomes a margraviate in its own right.

1055 - 1057

Vacant.

1057 - 1061

Conrad III of Zulpichgau

1061 - 1073

Berthold of Zahringen

1062

The Carinthian province of Istria becomes a margraviate in its own right.

1073 - 1076

Markward of Eppenstein

1076 - 1090

Luitpold of Eppenstein

1090 - 1122

Henry II of Eppenstein

Duchy of Carinthia (Spontheim)

1122 - 1124

Henry III

1124 - 1134

Engelbert II

1134 - 1144

Ulrich I

1144 - 1161

Henry IV

1164 - 1181

Herman

1181 - 1201

Ulrich II

1201 - 1256

Bernard

1256 - 1269

Ulrich III

Duchy of Carinthia (Przemyslid)

1269 - 1276

Ottokar the Great

King of Bohemia. Duke of Austria (1250-1278). Margrave of Slovenia, Margrave of Styria.

Duchy of Carinthia (Habsburg)

1276 - 1286

Rudolph I

Duke of Austria (1273-1282), HRE (1273-1291).

Duchy of Carinthia (Tirol)

1286 - 1295

Meinhard IV

1295 - 1310

Otto III

1310 - 1335

Henry V

Duchy of Carinthia (Habsburg)

1335 - 1339

Otto the Cheerful

1335 - 1358

Albert II

Joint rule.

1358 - 1362

Frederick

1358 - 1365

Rudolph IV

Joint rule.

1365 - 1395

Albert III

1379 - 1386

Leopold III

Joint rule.

1386 - 1406

William the Courteous

1406 - 1424

Ernest Iron

1424 - 1493

Frederick III

HRE. Archduke Frederick V of Austria.

1458

With Frederick's accession to the Archduchy of Austria and the title Holy Roman Emperor, the Duchy of Carinthia passes permanently into Austrian hands.

1806 - 1938

With the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, the duchy of Carinthia is still in the hands of the Emperor of Austria.

1938 - 1945

Nazi Germany occupies Austria and Carinthia.

1945

Austria regains independence and maintains its Carinthian holdings.