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Villanova Civilis
c.900 - 7th century BC
Located in Central and Upper Italy, this was probably the first Iron Age culture in Italy. Its
uncertain origins lay in the Eastern Alps, but its peoples seem to have
migrated from multiple locations further east, and with some links to the
Celtic-dominated Hallstatt Culture of the Bronze Age and early Iron Age.
The culture was broadly divided into two phases: a proto-Villanovan culture (Villanovan
I) from 1100 - 900 BC and the Villanovan culture proper (Villanovan II)
from 900 - 700 BC, when Etruscan cities began to be founded. The
name Villanova comes from site where the first archaeological
finds relating to this advanced culture were unearthed. The remnants of a cemetery
were found near Villanova (Castenaso, south-east of Bologna) in Northern Italy in 1853.
The Villanova culture eventually gave way to an increasingly Greek-influenced eastern
Mediterranean cultural dominance, and many of its larger settlements were
built-over in Etruscan times. |
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