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Far East Kingdoms
Central Asia
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Khans of the Grey Horde (Shaibanid Empire)
AD 1500 - 1598
The Shaibanids were Özbegs (Uzbeks), a Turkic tribal people whose leaders were
descended from Shiban, son of Jochi Khan of the
Golden Horde. By
the fifteenth century, they lived in the region of Turkestan, which covered
eastern Scythia, Transoxiana, and Greater Khorasan. Today the heartland of
this region is formed by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, and
Uzbekistan.
In 1450, the Shaibanid Uzbegs came to prominence when their leader,
Mohammed Shaibani, aided the
Timurid prince, Abu Sa'id, to capture
Samarkand and
the Timurid crown. Following the further fracturing of Timurid territories in 1469,
the Shaibanids became more and more of a threat. Just half a century after aiding
the Timurids, Mohammed Shaibani overthrew the last of them, taking Samarkand in 1501
and Farghana in 1505. The latter region included a small Timurid principality, and
its heir, Babur, was forced to move to
Kabul and
then India, where he founded the
Moghul empire. |
|
1227 - ? |
Shiban / Shayban |
Son of Jochi of the Golden
Horde. Founder of the Shaibanids. |
1227 |
Shiban is too young when his father dies to gain any territories himself,
despite being one of Juchi's sub-commanders of the
White Horde. Instead, his
descendants, the Shaibanids,
carve out their own territory in the fifteenth century in Turkestan when
they conquer
Transoxiana and
Khorasan. |
1246 |
The election of Guyuk Khan as
Great Khan confirms Batu Khan's fears, so he consolidates
his territories to the north of the Caspian Sea and establishes a capital at Sarai Batu
(Old Sarai). He converts his territories into a khanate (the equivalent of a kingdom)
which becomes known as the Blue Horde.
Batu's brothers, Orda and Shiban had also participated in his European campaign, and they
now form their own khanates. Orda's khanate, located to the east of the Blue Horde, becomes
known as the White Horde, while Shiban's
khanate is the relatively obscure Shaibanids.
Although both the Blue Horde and White Horde are in effect independent, they still acknowledge
the suzerainty of the great khan. |
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1450 - 1451 |
Abu Sa'id is one of the claimants for the
Timurid crown. After failures in Samarkand and Bukhara, he conquers much
of Shaibanid Turkestan in 1450, and in June 1451 takes
Samarkand
with the aid of the Shaibanid Uzbeks under Mohammed Shaibani, who remains
allied to him for his lifetime. |
|
1500 - 1510 |
Mohammed Shaibani
/ Shaybani |
Former military supporter of the
Timurids. |
1501 - 1507 |
Following the
Shaibanid conquest of
Transoxiana,
Khorasan
is now threatened. Its ruler does nothing initially, although one of his
princes, Babur of Farghana, attempts to fight back. Finally deciding to
mobilise in 1506, Husayn dies before he can achieve anything, and the crown
is disputed between his sons. Babur withdraws to
Kabul to continue the fight
but without success until his supporter, the
Safavid shah of Persia, takes Samarkand and adjoins it to his own
Persian kingdom.
|
1508 - 1510 |
Mohammed Shaibani carries out a number of raids to the north against the Kazakh khanate, but is
killed on one of them in 1510, bringing the prominence of his short-lived
empire to an end.
|
1510 - 1531 |
Kochkunju |
|
1531 - 1534 |
Muzzaffaruddin Abu-Sa'id |
|
1534 - 1539 |
Abu'l-Ghazi Ubaidullah |
|
1539 - 1540 |
Abdullah I |
|
1540 - 1552 |
Abdul-Latif |
|
1552 - 1556 |
Nawruz Ahmad |
|
1556 - 1561 |
Pir Mohammed I |
|
1561 - 1583 |
Iskander |
|
1564 - 1566 |
Uzbek princes who had been part of the
Timurid forces which had invaded
India with Babur and
who are descended from Mohammed Shaibani himself, support a rival claimant
to the Moghul
throne and as a result are defeated and killed. |
1583 - 1598 |
Abdullah II |
|
1598 |
Abdul-Mu'min |
|
1598 |
Pir Mohammed II |
|
1598 |
Uzbek
power is on the decline, and their territory is occupied by the khanates
of Khiva
and then Bukhara. |
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