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Phrygia
The kingdom was created by Indo-Europeans who began to infiltrate into western Anatolia
from the Balkans after about 1450 BC. Linguistically, they bore some
relationship with the Armenians
who later occupied the mountains in the north of Mesopotamia in the kingdoms
of Nairi and Urartu. Along with their eastern neighbours, the Kaskians, the
Phrygians seized power in
Anatolia after being involved in the fall of the
Hittite Empire.
Thereafter, they found themselves bordered to the south-west by the Neo-Hittite kingdom of
Maeonia. |
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c.1190 BC |
Mygdon |
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Midas |
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c.547 BC |
The kingdom falls to
Persia. |
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334 BC |
The
region is conquered by Alexander the Great's
Greek Empire. |
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ARGAED DYNASTY OF GREATER PHRYGIA
The Argead were the ruling family and
founders of
Macedonia who reached their greatest
extent under Alexander the Great and his two successors before the kingdom broke up into several
Hellenic sections. Alexander's successors held no real power, being mere
figureheads for the generals who really held control of Alexander's empire. |
334 - 323 BC |
Alexander III the Great |
King of
Macedonia. Conquered
Persia. |
323 - 317 BC |
Philip III Arrhidaeus |
Feeble-minded half-brother of Alexander the Great. |
317 - 310 BC |
Alexander IV of Macedonia |
Infant son of Alexander the Great and Roxana. |
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EMPIRE OF ANTIGONUS
Antigonus was appointed governor of Greater Phrygia upon Alexander's death,
which included Lycia, Pamphylia, and Canaan. Although Antigonus survived the first
two successional wars with the other generals of Alexander's army, the Third
War of the Diadochi (generals) in 314 BC resulted because Antigonus had grown too
powerful in the eyes of the other generals, grabbing
Babylonia and
attempting to rebuild Alexander's empire. He was attacked by Ptolemy
(Egypt), Lysimachus (Thrace), Cassander (Macedonia), and Seleucus
(Babylonia) but
came to terms in 311 BC after losing Babylonia to Seleucus. The Fourth War
of the Diadochi ended in the death of Antigonus, but by then he had already
established his kingdom in Greater Phrygia (306 BC). The other generals
responded by proclaiming themselves kings the following year. |
306 - 301 BC |
Antigonus
Monophthalmos (One Eye) |
General in
Alexander's army. Satrap (334-306). Raised to king. |
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301 BC |
Following the death of Antigonus at the decisive Battle of Ipsus,
Lysimachus of Thrace gains much of his territory in western Asia Minor,
including Phoenicia, and Seleucus gains more of it in the east. Antigonus' son and joint ruler keeps
the remaining territories for himself, thanks to jealousy between the four
conquering kings. |
306 - 285 BC |
Demetrius I
Poliorcetes |
Son. Captured
Athens and restored democratic system. |
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294 - 288 BC |
Demetrius seizes the kingdom of
Macedonia and rules from there. |
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285 BC |
After attempting to re-unify the empire himself, Demetrius is chased into
Asia by his rivals, and surrenders to Seleucus in Babylonia. He dies two years after
being imprisoned. |
283 - 239 BC |
Antigonus II Gonatas
(Antikini) |
Son. Defeated Celts. Occupied
Macedonia 277 BC. |
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277 BC |
Antigonus successfully smashes an invasion of Celts in Greece and claims the
throne of
Macedonia, passing his kingdom onto his son when he dies at the age of
eighty. |
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