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Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem
AD 1099 - 1187
The First Crusade found a divided
Islamic Empire, govermed by the
Seljuq Turks, and quickly
and forcefully carved a large swathe of territory out of it.
Following the creation of
Outremer, the Kingdom of Jerusalem came into being with the Crusader capture of Jerusalem in 1099. Godfrey de
Bouillon refused to take the title of king, saying that no man
should wear a crown where Christ had worn his crown of thorns. Instead, he
took the title Defender of the Holy Sepulchre. But when Godfrey died the
next year his brother and successor, Baldwin I, was not so scrupulous and
had himself immediately crowned King of Jerusalem. |
1098 - 1099 |
Lesser
Armenia is raised to a kingdom by the crusaders. |
1099 - 1100 |
Godfrey de Bouillon
(Boulogne) |
Duke of Lower
Lorraine
1087-1100. Protector of Jerusalem. |
1100 - 1118 |
Baldwin I de Bouillon |
Brother. Count of
Edessa 1098-1100. |
1118 - 1131 |
Baldwin II de la
Bourg |
Cousin. Count of
Edessa 1100-1118. |
1131 - 1152 |
Queen Melisende |
|
1131 - 1143 |
Fulk (V) of Anjou |
|
1143 - 1163 |
Baldwin III |
|
1147 - 1149 |
The Second Crusade. |
1163 - 1174 |
Amalric I |
|
1174 - 1185 |
Baldwin IV the Leper |
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Guy de Lusignan |
Regent. Dismissed for incompetence. |
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Raymond III of Tripoli |
Regent. Arranged truce with
Saladdin. |
1185 |
By the time of his death, Baldwin is blind and almost entirely unable to
walk. His sister, Sibylla begins to exert influence over the control of the
kingdom. Her first marriage had been an arranged one to William de
Montferrat. He died soon afterwards and she later chose to marry Guy de
Lusignan. Sibylla's son by William de Montferrat succeeds Baldwin IV while
Raymond III of Tripoli remains regent. |
1185 - 1186 |
Baldwin V |
Son of William de Montferrat & Sibylla. Died. |
1186 - 1187 |
Queen Sibylla |
Assumed direct control on her son's death. |
1186 - 1187 |
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Guy de Lusignan |
Joint rule. |
1187 |
The Christians are
defeated by Saladdin at the Battle of Hattin.
As partially depicted in a somewhat distorted version of history in the film
Kingdom of Heaven, 2005, Balian of Ibelin (who was married to Maria
Comnena, Sibylla's step-mother and a former queen of Jerusalem) and Raymond
III of Tripoli are present at the Battle of Hattin and manage to fight their
way out. Reynald de Châtillon, the bloodthirsty Prince of
Antioch (and not a Templar), is not
so fortunate, and is personally killed by Saladdin. Although the other captured nobles are
ransomed, all of the captured Knights Templars and Knights Hospitalers are executed.
Balian returns to a Jerusalem which has already been abandoned by Sibylla
and Guy and, after allowing Saladdin to escort his wife and children to
safety, takes control of the defence of the city from the incompetent
Patriarch. After a siege, Saladdin and Balian agree terms, and Jerusalem is
evacuated by the crusader knights. The 'kingdom' withdraws to
Acre, this becoming its focus. Sibylla and
the weak Guy de Lusignan continue to rule. Balian's descendants continue to
remain active in Outremer and in
Cyprus. |
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Kingdom of Jerusalem at Acre
AD 1187 - 1228
Following the handover of Jerusalem to Saladdin in 1187, the royal court
retreated to Acre, which became the focus of the Crusader states.
For the Europeans, Acre was only accessible by sea, so much of their supplies came via Italy. |
1187 - 1193 |
Queen Sibylla |
|
1187 - 1192 |
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Guy de Lusignan |
Joint rule until Guy became King of
Cyprus (1192-1194). |
1189 - 1192 |
The Third Crusade
gains Cyprus
for the kingdom. |
1193 - 1205 |
Queen Isabella I |
Younger half sister to Sibylla. |
1192 - 1297 |
Henry II de Champagne |
|
1197 - 1205 |
Amalric II de Lusignan |
Almaric I of
Cyprus (1194-1205). |
1202 - 1204 |
The Fourth Crusade. |
1205 - 1210 |
Queen Maria de Montferrat |
|
1210 - 1225 |
John de Brienne |
|
1210 - 1228 |
Queen Yolanda / Isabella II |
|
1225 - 1228 |
Frederick II Hohenstaufen |
Holy Roman Emperor (1212-1250).
King of Naples & Sicily. |
1228 - 1229 |
The Fifth Crusade.
Jerusalem is regained after it is ceded by the Ayyubids. |
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Second Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem
AD 1229 - 1244 |
1228 - 1254 |
Conrad IV Hohenstaufen |
Holy Roman Emperor
(1250-1254). |
1244 |
The
Ayyubids re-conquer Jerusalem. |
1254 - 1268 |
Conradin Hohenstaufen |
|
1248 - 1254 |
The Sixth Crusade. |
1268 |
Charles d'Anjou |
Claim accepted by
Pope, rejected by
Outremer nobility. |
1269 - 1284 |
Hugh III of Cyprus |
King of
Cyprus (1267-1284). |
1270 |
The Seventh Crusade.
The kingdom is briefly re-unified with the Kingdom of
Cyprus under one ruler. |
1284 - 1285 |
John I |
King of
Cyprus (1284-1285). |
1285 - 1306 |
Henry I |
Henry II of
Cyprus (1310-1324). |
1291 |
Acre
is conquered by the
Mamelukes,
signalling the end of
Outremer. The Christian Kingdom of
Cyprus
continues. |
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