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Christian Outremer (Beyond the Sea) |
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Christian Counts of Edessa
AD 1098 - 1144
The County of Edessa was different from the other Crusader states in that it
was landlocked. Half of the county, including its capital, was located to
the east of the Euphrates and therefore was positioned far to the east of the other
states. The section west of the Euphrates was controlled from the stronghold of Turbessel,
an important outpost in fending off the
Seljuq
Turks.
In 1098, Baldwin of Boulogne left the main Crusading army which was travelling
south towards Antioch and
Jerusalem, and went first south into Cilicia, then
east to Edessa. There, he convinced its lord, Thoros, to adopt him as a son
and heir. Thoros was a Greek Orthodox, and was disliked by his
Armenian
Orthodox subjects. He was soon assassinated, although it is unknown if
Baldwin had any part in this. In any case, Baldwin became the new ruler,
taking the title of Count (as he had been called in Boulogne). |
1098 - 1100 |
Baldwin I de Boulogne |
King of
Jerusalem (1100-1118). |
1100 - 1118 |
Baldwin II de la Bourg |
Cousin. King of
Jerusalem (1118-1131). |
1110 |
All lands east of the Euphrates are lost to
Mosul. |
1118 - 1131 |
Joscelin I de Courtenay |
Lord of Turbessel. Killed in battle |
1131 - 1146 |
Joscelin II de Courtenay |
Son. d.1159. |
1144 |
Edessa
is conquered by Zangî of
Mosul (now known as Urfa in Turkey). |
1146 |
Upon the death of Zangi, Joscelin briefly recaptures Edessa - for just two
months. |
1147 - 1149 |
The Second Crusade fails to recapture Edessa. |
1150 - 1159 |
Joscelin is
captured and imprisoned in Aleppo until his death. |
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1159 - 1200 |
Joscelin III de Courtenay |
Son. Titular count.
Lived in, and served kings of, Jerusalem. |
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Norman Principality of Antioch
AD 1099 - 1268
The city of Antioch (modern Antakya in Turkey) was founded near the end of the
fourth century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, who made it the capital of his
Seleucid Empire in Syria. After the fall of the region to the
Arab Empire in AD 640, it was recovered by the
Byzantine
Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas in 969.
The city was lost again to the Seljuq Turks in 1085. Thirteen years later, it was captured by
the Crusaders during the First Crusade, and became the capital of an
independent Principality of Antioch. The city remained in Crusader hands for
the better part of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, until it was captured by the
Mameluke Sultan Baybars
in 1268. Baybars' destruction of the city was so great that it was never a major city
again. |
1099 - 1111 |
Bohemond I |
Son
of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia. |
1101 - 1103 |
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Tancred |
Regent. |
1104 - 1112 |
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Tancred |
Regent. Re-appointed. |
1111 - 1130 |
Bohemond II |
Assumed power in
1126. |
1112 - 1119 |
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Roger of Salerno |
Regent. |
1119 - 1126 |
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Baldwin II of
Jerusalem |
Regent. |
1130 - 1164 |
Princess Constance |
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1140 - 1149 |
Raymond de Poitiers |
Personally killed by
Shirkuh, uncle of Saladdin. |
1153 - 1160 |
Reynald de Châtillon |
Personally killed by
Saladdin. |
1187 |
The Christians are
defeated by Saladdin at the Battle of Hattin.
As partially depicted in the film
Kingdom of Heaven, 2005, Reynald de Châtillon, the bloodthirsty Prince of Antioch (not a Templar), is personally killed by Saladdin
at the end of the battle.
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1163 - 1201 |
Bohemond III the Stammerer |
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1201 - 1216 |
Bohemond IV the One-Eyed |
Count of
Tripoli (1187-1233). |
1216 - 1219 |
Raymond-Roupen |
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1219 - 1233 |
Bohemond IV the One-Eyed |
Count of
Tripoli (1187-1233). |
1233 - 1252 |
Bohemond V |
Count of
Tripoli. |
1252 - 1268 |
Bohemond VI |
Count of
Tripoli (1252-1275). |
1268 |
The fall of Antioch to
the
Mameluke Sultan Baybars. |
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1275 - 1287 |
Bohemond VII |
Count of
Tripoli and Titular Prince of Antioch. |
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Counts of Tripoli
AD 1109 - 1287
The County of Tripoli was the last of the four major Crusader states in the Levant to be
created. The beginnings of the county came in 1102, when Count Raymond IV of
Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, began a lengthy war with
the Banu Ammar Emirs of Tripoli (theoretical vassals of the
Fatimid caliphs
in Cairo), gradually seizing much of their territory and besieging them
within Tripoli itself.
Raymond died in 1105, leaving his infant son Alfonso-Jordan as his heir, with a cousin,
William-Jordan of Cerdagne, as regent. William-Jordan continued the siege of
Tripoli for the next four years, when a bastard son of Raymond, Bertrand,
who had been acting as regent of Toulouse, arrived in the east, leaving
Toulouse to Alfonso-Jordan and his mother, who returned to France. Thanks to the mediation of King Baldwin I of
Jerusalem,
Bertrand and William-Jordan eventually came to an agreement whereby each would keep control of their own
conquests, an agreement which worked best for Bertrand when he
captured Tripoli later that year. When William-Jordan died a few months
later, Bertrand became sole ruler. |
1103 - 1105 |
Raymond I Count de Toulouse |
Died at Siege
of
Tripoli. |
1105 - 1109 |
Alfonso-Jordan |
Son. |
1105 - 1109 |
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William-Jordan |
Regent. |
1109 |
Following a siege which lasts from 1103, Tripoli falls. |
1109 - 1112 |
Bertrand |
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1112 - 1137 |
Pons |
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1137 - 1152 |
Raymond II |
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1152 - 1187 |
Raymond III |
Regent of the Kingdom of
Jerusalem (until 1185). |
1187 - 1233 |
Behemond IV of Antioch |
Prince of
Antioch (1201-1216 & 1219-1233). |
1233 - 1252 |
Behemond V of Antioch |
Prince of
Antioch. |
1252 - 1275 |
Behemond VI of Antioch |
Prince of
Antioch (1252-1268). |
1287 - 1289
| The succession
is disputed between Behemond's heir and the city commune. |
1275 - 1287 |
Behemond VII |
Titular Prince of Antioch. |
1268 |
Fall
of Antioch to
Mameluke Sultan Baybars. |
1287 - 1289 |
Lucia of Tripoli |
Sister and heir. |
1289
| Following
a siege Tripoli falls to the Mamelukes. |
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