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Map of Scandinavia AD 1660 |
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The Swedes had removed themselves from the Union of Kalmar with Denmark and Norway in 1523, and since that time had built up a Nordic empire of their own which now dominated the eastern lands and Baltic territories. Finland, one of its older territories, was now a grand duchy. However, with Poland-Lithuania now a major player in international politics, the two were always likely to clash over control of the Baltics. The Swedes were driven out of Livonia in 1601 but returned in 1629 following the results of further conflict. Russia was also becoming increasingly important in these territorial struggles. A clickable version of this map is available for desktop displays. To select a kingdom, state, or tribe for further information, click on its name.
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Original text and maps copyright © P L Kessler and the History Files. An original feature for the History Files. Go back or return home. |
