Anglo-Saxon Britain

Part 2: The origin of the rapes

Many early Saxon names which identify towns and villages in Sussex must have been in common use as personal names amongst those settlers who first colonised the coastal territory of the two counties (East Sussex and West Sussex).

Although these personal names became extinct by the seventh century, any well-versed storyteller of the time would surely have known their derivation.

For the purpose of this discussion, the possible precursor of the rapes, the location of a name must be the most significant issue if onomastic evidence is to be proffered in order to be able to establish a conjecture. There is hardly any other resource available.

The idea now put forward is that Ælle could have used an onomastic series to name his sons. Sometimes Anglo-Saxon rulers employed this naming pattern for their children, as did King Aethelfrith of the Deirians in the late sixth century, using the prefix 'Os-' to name his sons.

The names in question for the postulation here are as follows:

• Cissa (Cissan Ceaster = Chichester).
• Cilta (Ciltan Tun = East Chiltington), perhaps born around 483.
• Cidda (Ciddan lea = Chiddingly), born around 483?.

It is proposed that, around AD 510, Ælle would have had six centres of power spread across his warlordship. West of the Arun there was Hayling Island (Haegal, according to the traditions of the Ayling family of Sussex, the place-name form of Ælle. The letter 'g' here would have been pronounced as a 'y' in Old English, but compare also Hailsham and the River Ellesham), and Chichester.

West of the Adur was Wlencing (Lancing), and east of the Adur was Ciltan Tun, Mealling (South Malling) on the Ouse, and Ciddan Lea just west of the Cuckmere. There would also have been Cymen Wlencing's settlement of Cymen's Shore near Selsey.

From this we may have the high born members of Ælle's warmoot: Cissa, Cilta, Cidda, Mealle, and Cymen Wlencing, a conjectural warmoot whose centres of power could also have been the precursor of the rapes.

The presumed spread of the locations of royal authority as discussed in the note on King Cissa's witenagemot, given below, would have completed the basis of the later divisions across the old county.

This woodcut is entitled 'Odin Rides to Hel', being an illustration by WG Collingwood from The Elder Edda or Poetic Edda

Images are free from copyright. Text copyright © David Slaughter, BA Hons, ATC (Sussex), Blue Robe Order of the Welsh Gorsedd, expanded from material first released on the Anglo-Saxon Kings of Sussex blogspot. An original feature for the History Files.