European Kingdoms

Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire
Non-Dynastic (AD 602-610)

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In AD 395, the Roman empire finally split permanently, creating formal Eastern Roman and Western Roman empires, acknowledging what had existed in practise for many years.

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(Information by Peter Kessler, and from External Link: History of the Byzantine Empire (Live Science).)

602 - 610

Usurper of the Justinian dynasty. Overthrown.

early 600s

The empire loses the territory of Epirus to Slavic migrant settlers.

607 - 616

The Sassanid Persians invade and conquer Eastern Roman Syria, Egypt, and Asia Minor as part of the Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628.

The coming of the Sassanids as replacements for the Parthians meant an entirely new and more vigourous empire being created in the north-western borders of Saka-controlled lands

608 - 610

In conjunction with his son, Heraclius 'the Younger', Exarch Heraclius of Africa revolts against the usurper Phocas. The younger Heraclius uses Africa as a base from which he is able to overthrow Phocas and begin his own Heraclian dynasty in Constantinople. His father passes away shortly after learning the good news.