European Kingdoms

Pre-Roman Frisia (Legendary Netherlands) (Low Countries)

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This region of the Low Countries comprised the coastal area around the upper Netherlands, eastwards to the mouth of the Weser. The western half, which became known as West Frisia, emerged as a distinct region during the feuds of the thirteenth century AD, and evolved into the modern Netherlands. The remainder was then distinguished as East Frisia and was essentially German in character. The list is legendary until the advent of the Roman empire (names backed in lilac). Before Charlemagne's rule, it remains uncertain.

It was from this coastal strip that the combined Saxon and Frisian settlers headed for the southern shores of Britain in the fifth and sixth centuries. The language of the remaining population is still very closely linked to modern English.

? - 2194 BC

Traditional founder of the Frisian Commonwealth.

Frisian Folk Mothers

2194 - 2145? BC

c.2013 BC

1631 - ? BC

c.1621 BC

? - 590 BC

590 - 559 BC

De facto ruler.

590 - 306 BC

After Frana, the authority of the folk mothers collapses. A period of division follows, with no clear Frisian rulers apparent.

306 - c.270 BC

Eventually ruled jointly with the first king of Frisia.

304 BC

The legendary kings of the Frisians gradually emerge into history in the Low Countries in the decades which lead up to the Roman empire's appearance to their immediate south.