Middle East Kingdoms

Hurrian Kingdom of Arrapha / Arrapkha

From the beginning of the second millennium BC, Hurrians settled in formerly Assyrian Arrapha, modern Kirkuk (itself a derivative of the Assyrian name), located in northern Iraq about 250 kilometres north of Baghdad near the foot of the Zagros Mountains in Kurdistan. The Hurrian city was founded in circa 2000 BC beside the River Hasa in a region with archaeological remains dating to circa 3000 BC. For a time it was subject to Mitanni overlordship, but the city reached its greatest prominence in the tenth and eleventh centuries BC, returned to Assyrian rule.

c.2000 BC

The recently-arrived Hurrians found the small state of Arrapha in northern Mesopotamia. This state also includes the nearby city of Nuzi, which is governed by a mayor who is dependent on Arrapha.

Ithi-Teshup

Ithiya

c.1450 BC

Barattarna of Mitanni makes Arrapha a vassal state by this date.

c.1350 BC

Arrapha falls when the Assyrians conquer the region from Mitanni.