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The Buwayid (Buyid) Amirs of Iraq
AD 945 - 1055
The Buwayids were Shiite princes who dominated the Abbasid Caliphs
for a century in Mesopotamia and south-western
Persia, reducing the Caliph to
little more than a figurehead. They also contributed
to a weakening of the Tranoxianian Samanids.
Although they fostered a flourishing of Shiite scholarship and theology,
they never tried to suppress the Orthodox Caliphs altogether, so the Abbasids continued to
exercise their minimal religious authority under the regime. Nevertheless, the Caliphs and
the Orthodox were not too happy about this and so, at least initially, they welcomed the coming
of the Orthodox Seljuqs. |
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Il-Khan Dynasty
AD 1336 - 1410
The Il-Khan dynasty was a Mongol state
which after 1231 was based in Uruk in Mesopotamia, giving the region a new
name based on their capital - Iraq. In 1336-1338 a period of anarchy and
misrule hit Il-Khan-controlled
Persia as several
Mongol successor states jostled for control, and the Il-Khans lost out,
being contained in Iraq only. |
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