Middle East Kingdoms

Kings of the Hashemites
AD 1827 - Present Day

Hashemite Mecca and Hijaz

1827

Abd al-Muttalib

Sharif of Mecca.

1827 - 1851

Muhammad

1851 - 1856

Abd al-Muttalib

Restored?

1856 - 1858

Muhammad

Restored?

1858 - 1877

Abdullah

1877 - 1880

Al-Husayn

1880 - 1882

Abd al-Muttalib

Restored?

1882 - 1905

Awn al-Rafiq

1905 - 1908

Ali

1908 - 1916

Husayn

Commanded the Arab Revolt.

1916 - 1918

The Arab Revolt against Ottoman Turkey is led by Husayn's eldest son, Faysal, and British Army officer T E Lawrence. Lawrence manages to combine the power of several Arabic tribes to drive the Turks north in a series of campaigns in coordination with the British forces in the Middle East. Once the Arabs capture Damascus they secure a semblance of power (as excellently depicted in the feature film Lawrence of Arabia). In subsequent bargaining with the British who now control the region, Husayn claims the region of Arabia, and his eldest son, Faysal, becomes king of Greater Syria.

1916 - 1925

Husayn

King. Final claimant of Islamic Caliphate (1924-1925). d.1931.

1925

Ali

Son. King. d.1934.

1925

The Hashemites are overthrown by Ibn Saud. Hashemite rule continues with Husayn's son, Abdullah, in Transjordan.

Hashemite Greater Syria

Il-Khan Greater Syria was granted by the British to the eldest son of the newly crowned King Husayn of Arabia.

1920

Faysal

Son of Husayn. King. Overthrown by France.

1921

Faysal is compensated by the British with the throne of Iraq.

1967

The Yom Kippur War sees Egypt and Jordan fighting Israel. Israel gains the Golan Heights and Bashan from Syria.

Hashemite Iraq

1920 - 1932

British Mandate.

1921 - 1933

Faysal I

King. Former King of Greater Syria.

1932

Independence from the British is achieved.

1933 - 1939

Ghazi

1939 - 1958

Faysal II

Overthrown and shot dead in a coup.

1941

A Pro-German coup is suppressed during the darkest days of the Second World War.

1958

A military dictatorship is set up in Iraq, which becomes a Republic. The Hashemite line continues in Transjordan.

Republic of Iraq

The capital remained at Baghdad. The Arabian name for the new state was Al Mumhuriya al-Iraqiya (Republic of Iraq).

1969

A second coup leads the Ba'ath Party to power, with Saddam Hussein as its security chief. He seizes ltimate power ten years later.

1979 - 2003

Saddam Hussein

Brutal, power-obsessed military dictator.

1990

Kuwait is occupied briefly by Iraq before a United Nations coalition army forces them out with heavy Iraqi losses.

2003

An Anglo-American-led action leads to the collapse of Saddam's regime after just twenty-one days of fighting. Saddam is captured, tried by an Iraqi court, and at the very end of 2006 sentenced to death by hanging for his crimes.

2005

A democratically-elected Iraqi government takes control, ending the Allied administration of the country, although Allied troops remain to aid in maintaining security.

Hashemite Transjordan

1918 - 1946

Transjordan is controlled under a British Mandate. The Jordan state is created as a British Protectorate.

1921 - 1949

Abdullah I

Son of Husayn. Amir (1921-1946). Became first king of Jordan.

1948

The Arab Legion enters Palestine.

1949

The annexation of the West Bank takes place. A kingdom is declared.

Hashemite Kingdom of (The) Jordan

1949 - 1951

Abdullah I

Founder. Assassinated.

1951 - 1952

Talal

Son. Abdicated. d.1972.

1952 - 1999

Hussein

Son. b.1935 - pronounced clinically dead 05/02. d.07/02- cancer.

1967

The Yom Kippur War of Egypt and Jordan against Israel. Jordan loses the West Bank, a third of the kingdom.

1999 - Present

Abdullah II

Son. b.1962. Named Crown Prince on 25th January 1999.