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Introduction to India Sultanate of Delhi
AD 1206 - 1555

The Sultanate was founded by a slave of the Ghurid sultan, Mohammed III. The Ghurids were based further west, in the region of Afghanistan. The Delhi Sultanate began in Lahore, but subsequent rulers extended their territory and Delhi became the capital.

Mu'izzi (Shamsi) Slave Kings
AD 1206 - 1290

1206 - 1210

Aybak Qutb ad Din

Malik in Lahore. Former slave of Ghurids.

1210 - 1211

Āram Shah

1211 - 1236

Iltutmish Shams ad Din

Sultan in Delhi.

1215

The Ghurids are displaced in Afghanistan by the Khwarazm Shahs. The remaining Ghurid territories in northern India, including the Punjab, are taken over by the Delhi Sultanate.

1236

Fīruz Shah I

1236 - 1240

Radiyya Begum

Sultana.

1240 - 1242

Bahram Shah

1242 - 1246

Masud Shah

1246 - 1266

Mahmud Shah I

1266 - 1287

Balban Ulugh Khan

Viceroy since 1246.

1287 - 1290

Kay Qubadh

1290

Kayumarth

Khalji Dynasty
AD 1290 - 1320

1290 - 1296

Fīruz Shah II Khaljī

1296

Ibrahim Shah I Qadir Khan

1296 - 1316

Muhammad Shah I Ali Garshasp

1316

Umar Shah

1316 - 1320

Mubacicrak Shah

1320

Khusraw Khan Barwari

Tughluqid (Tughluk) Dynasty
AD 1320 - 1414

1320 - 1325

Tughluq Shah I

1325 - 1351

Muhammad Shah II

1351 - 1388

Forum Shah III

1388 - 1389

Tughluq Shah II

1389 - 1391

Abu Bakr Shah

1389 - 1394

Muhammad Shah III

1394

Sikandar Shah I

1394 - 1395

Mahmud Shah II

1395 - 1399

Nusrat Shah

1401 - 1412

Mahmud Shah II

1412 - 1414

Dawlat Khan Lodī

Sayyid Dynasty
AD 1414 - 1451

1414 - 1421

Khidr Khan

1421 - 1434

Mubarak Shah II

1434 - 1443

Muhammad Shah IV

1443 - 1451

Alam Shah

Lodi Dynasty
AD 1451 - 1526

1451 - 1489

Bahlul

1489 - 1517

Sikandar II Nizam Khan

1517 - 1526

Ibrahim II

1526 - 1540

The Moghuls under Babur sack Delhi and rule the sultanate. In 1540 the sultanate regains independence under the Suris.

Suri Dynasty
AD 1540 - 1555

1540 - 1545

Shir Shah Sur (of Bengal)

1545 - 1554

Islam Shah Sur

1554

Muhammad V Mubariz Khan

1554 - 1555

Ibrahim III Khan

1555 - 1556

Ahmad Khan Sikandar Shah III

1556

Babur's son, Humayun conquers the sultanate and incorporates it into the Moghul Empire.

Mogul Dynasty
AD 1526 - 1858

The region of Farghana in Transoxiana included a small Timurid principality. The Özbeg conquest of the region (1500) sent the heir, Babur heading for Kabul (1514) and India (1526), where he founded the Mogul Empire. (The Great Moguls are marked in green.)

1526 - 1530

Babur

Invaded Northern India from Timurid Transoxiana.

1526 - 1540

Babur sacks the Sultanate of Delhi and incorporates it under his rule, establishing an Islamic dynasty in India with victory at the Battle of Panipat.

1530 - 1540

Humayun

1540 - 1555

There is an interregnum. The Sultanate of Delhi regains independence.

1555 - 1556

Humayun

1556

The Sultanate of Delhi is re-conquered.

1556 - 1605

Akbar I

1605 - 1627

Jahangir

1627 - 1628

Dawar Bakhsh

1628 - 1657

Shah Jahan I Khusraw

Died 1666.

1658 - 1707

Awrangzīb / Aurangzeb Ālamgir I

1707 - 1712

Shah Alam I Bahadur

1712 - 1713

Jahandar Muizz ad Din

1713 - 1719

Farrukh-siyar

1719

Shams ad Dīn Rafi ad Darajat

1719

Shah Jahan II Rafi' ad Dawla

1719

Niku-siyar Muhammad

1719 - 1748

Muhammad Shah Nasir ad Dīn

1739

The looting of Delhi by the Persian Nadir Shah takes place. The Mogul Empire fragments into a loose association of states.

1748 - 1754

Ahmad Bahadur Shah I

1754 - 1759

Azīz ad Din Alamgir II

1757

The British East India Company are victorious over the nawwab of Bengal, an ally of the French, which signals the end of any serious French ambitions in India.

1759

Shah Jahan III

1759 - 1788

Shah Alam II

1775 - 1782

First Maratha War against the British East India Company.

1788

Bīdar-bakht

1788 - 1806

Shah Alam II

1803 - 1805

Second Maratha War.

1806 - 1837

Mu'in ad Din Akbar II

1817 - 1819

The Third Maratha War results in a decisive victory for the British. The Maratha are bound by treaty to the British Crown.

1837 - 1858

Siraj ad Din Bahadur Shah II

1857 - 1858

The Indian Mutiny over British rule erupts, but after some hard fighting in places it is suppressed. The last Mogul emperor is deposed and India is placed under direct control of the British Empire's Viceroys, whilst subject or allied princes rule various small states.