|
|
Umayyad / Omayyid Amirs of Spain
AD 756 - 912
After being conquered from the Visigoths, the main
portion of Iberia was part of the Islamic
empire
from between 711-756 to the thirteenth century, although there was still some resistance to the invaders in the form of the border
counties of Navarre and
Barcelona, and the Christian kingdom of
Asturias.
After the
Abbasid
overthrow and massacre of the Umayyads in 749, Spain was one place where Abbasid authority was
never asserted. Instead, the Umayyad prince, AburRahman, escaping the massacre, established
himself and his line. Eventually, in response to the
Fatimid Shiite Caliphate, the
Spanish Umayyads proclaimed their own caliphate.
Cadiz (Morrish Qadis) in southern Spain, the former Phoenician
city of Gadir, was expanded to become a major naval port. |
756 - 788 |
AburRahman I |
Grandson of
Hisham.
Escaped to Spain during the massacre. |
778 |
The
Frankish emperor, Charlemagne, campaigns against the Arabs in Spain. |
788 - 799 |
Hisham I |
|
799 - 822 |
al-Hakam I |
|
822 - 852 |
AbdurRahman II |
|
852 - 886 |
Muhammad I |
|
855 |
The amirs lose control of
Leon to the kingdom of
Asturias & Galicia. |
886 - 888 |
al-Mundhir |
|
888 - 912 |
Abdullah |
|
912 |
In response to the
Fatimids
establishing an independent caliphate in Tunisia, the Omayyads declare their
own Caliphate in Spain. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Umayyad / Omayyad Caliphs of Spain (Cordoba)
AD 912 - 1031 |
912 - 961 |
Abdur Rahman III |
|
957 |
Sancho I of Leon removes the
ruling counts of
Portugal from power and seeks support from the Omayyids to protect him
from retaliation. |
961 - 976 |
al-Hakam II |
|
976 - 1008 |
Hisham II |
|
981 |
The county of Coimbra is re-conquered by the Omayyids.
Portugal
again becomes the front line between Moor and Christian in western Iberia. |
1008 - 1009 |
Muhammad II |
|
1009 |
Sulayman |
|
1010 - 1012 |
Hisham II |
Restored? |
1012 - 1017 |
Sulayman |
Restored? |
1017 - 1021 |
(Ali ibn Hamud) |
|
1021 - 1022 |
AbdurRahman IV |
|
1022 |
(al-Qasim) |
|
1022 - 1023 |
AbdurRahman V |
|
1023 - 1024 |
Muhammad III |
|
1024 - 1027 |
(Yahya ibn Ali) |
|
1027 - 1031 |
Hisham III |
|
|
|
|
1112 - 1139 |
The Moors are pushed further and further south as the
county of
Portugal is aggressively expanded by its count who, in 1139, is
proclaimed king by his troops after a resounding victory over the Omayyids
at the Battle of Ourique. |
1147 - 1229 |
Islamic Spain is ruled by the North African
Almohad Dynasty. |
1228 - 1229 |
The
Almohads lose control
of Spain to the Christian kingdoms. Only the
Nasrid kings remain in Granada. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nasrid Kings of Granada
AD 1238 - 1492
Granada was the small Moorish kingdom which survived the fall of Islamic
control during the Reconquista of
Spain, surviving the expulsion of the
Almohads.
A client of the increasingly powerful kingdom of
Castile,
it only survived because it was the gateway to imports of gold from
Niger in Africa. |
1238 - 1273 |
Mohammad I |
|
1262 |
The ancient city of Cadiz (formerly Gadir) is conquered by
Alfonso X of
Castile. |
1273 - 1303 |
Mohammad II |
|
1303 - 1309 |
Mohammad III |
|
1309 - 1312 |
Nazar |
|
1312 - 1325 |
Ismail I |
|
1325 - 1333 |
Mohammad IV |
|
1333 - 1354 |
Yusef I |
|
1354 - 1359 |
Mohammad V |
|
1359 - 1361 |
Ismail II |
|
1361 |
Abu-Said |
|
1361 - 1391 |
Mohammad V |
Restored? |
1391 - 1396 |
Yusef II |
|
1396 - 1408 |
Mohammad VI |
|
1408 - 1425 |
Yusef III |
|
1425 - 1427 |
Mohammad VII |
|
1427 |
Mohammad VIII |
|
1427 - 1431 |
Mohammad VII |
Restored? |
1431 |
Ibn Alhamar |
|
1432 - 1445 |
Mohammad VII |
Restored? |
1445 - 1454 |
Ibn Ostman |
|
1454 - 1456 |
Ibn Ismail |
|
1456 - 1482 |
Mulay Hasen |
|
1482 - 1492 |
Abu Abdullah / Boabdil |
|
1492 |
The Nasrids are conquered by
Castile & Aragon,
marking the end of Islamic Spain.
One of the leading Spanish soldiers is Juan Ponce de Leon, who becomes the
first European to visit
Florida, helps conquer
Hispaniola, and becomes the
first governor of
Puerto Rico. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|