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Algeria
North-eastern Algeria was temporarily a stronghold of the
Vandals
in the fifth and sixth centuries, until it was re-conquered by
Eastern Rome
in AD 534. A century and a half later, the Byzantines were in no
position to prevent the loss of North Africa to the Islamic
Empire in 698. Algeria remained under their direct control until 776,
when the Rustamids took control. |
534 - 698 |
North
Africa is re-conquered by
Byzantium
from the
Vandals. |
698 - 776 |
Western North
Africa is separated from
Byzantium by
the Islamic Empire. |
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Rustamid Imams
AD 776 - 909
The Rustamids (variously, Rustumids, or Rostemids) ruled the central Maghreb for a century and a half from their capital
at Tahert in present Algeria until it was destroyed. The state's extent is not entirely clear, but it stretched as far east as Jabal Nafusa in Libya. |
776 - 784 |
Abd ar - Rahman ibn Rustam ibn Bahram |
|
784 - 832 |
Abd al - Wahhab ibn Abd ar - Rahman |
|
800 -
812 |
The
Aghlabid Amirs of Tunisia
claim to rule. |
832 - 871 |
Aflah ibn Abd al - Wahhab |
|
871 |
Abu Bakr ibn Aflah |
|
871 - 894 |
Muhammad Abul - Yaqzan ibn Aflah |
|
894 - 897 |
Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abil - Yaqzan |
|
897 - 901 |
Yaqub ibn Aflah |
|
901 - 906 |
Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abil - Yaqzan |
Restored. |
906 - 909 |
Yaqzan ibn Muhammad Abil - Yaqzan |
|
909 - 1171 |
The
Fatamid Amirs of Tunisia rule. |
1171-
1229 |
The
Ayyubids of Egypt rule. |
1229 - 1518 |
Algeria becomes a battleground for
Hafsids of Tunisia,
the Merinids of
Morocco, and the Western Algerian Abdul-Wadids & Zayyanids,
with rule alternating between them for periods. |
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Abdul Wadids / Zayyanid Dynasty
AD 1236 - 1554
The Zayyanids (Zayyaniyyun) were a dynasty of Zanatah Berbers who ruled western
Algeria. They were based at the inland city of Tlemcen (Tilimsan - the former Roman town of
Pomaria) in western Algeria, and were at first loyal vassals to the
Almohad caliphs in Morocco.
In the 1230s another
group of Zanatah Berbers, the Banu 'Abd al-Wad ('Abd al-Wadid dynasty), had
taken control of the region of Tlemcen. The state they founded there was
overrun several times in the thirteen and fourteenth centuries.
The extent of Zayyanid territory fluctuated greatly throughout the dynasty's
history. The Zayyanids experienced two peaks: during the late thirteenth and
the early sixteenth centuries, they held most of Algeria, including large
sections of the coast. But throughout their history, they were vulnerable to
attacks from their
Merinid and Hafsid
neighbours, as well as to tribal unrest inside their own dominions. |
|
1236 - 1283 |
Yaghmurasan |
|
1269 |
The
Zayyanids capture Marrakesh, ending
Almohad rule in
Algeria. |
|
1283 - 1304 |
Abu Sa'id Uthman I |
|
1304 - 1308 |
Abu Zayyan I Muhammad |
|
1308 - 1318 |
Abu Hammu Musa I |
|
1318 - 1337 |
Abu Tashufin 'Abd al-Rahman I |
|
1337 - 1348 |
The Moroccan Merinids
conquer Algeria. |
1348 - 1352 |
Abu Sa'id Uthman II |
|
1348 - 1352 |
|
al-Zaim Abu Thabit I |
Joint
ruler. |
1352 - 1359 |
The Moroccan Merinids
again conquer Algeria. |
1359 - 1360 |
Abu Hammu Musa II |
d.1389. |
1360 |
Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Uthman |
d.1387. |
1360 - 1370 |
Abu Hammu Musa II |
Restored. |
1370 - 1372 |
Abu Zayyan Muhammad II |
Restored. |
1372 - 1383 |
Abu Hammu Musa II |
Restored. |
1383 - 1384 |
Abu Zayyan Muhammad II |
Restored. |
1384 - 1387 |
Abu Hammu Musa II |
Restored. |
1387 |
Abu Zayyan Muhammad II |
Restored. |
1387 - 1389 |
Abu Hammu Musa II |
Restored. |
1389 - 1394 |
Abu Tashufin Abd al-Rahman II |
|
1394 |
Abu Thabit Yusuf I |
|
1394 - 1395 |
Abu'l-Hajjaj Yusuf II |
|
1395 - 1400 |
Abu Zayyan Muhammad III |
|
1400 - 1402 |
Abu Muhammad Abdallah I |
|
1402 - 1411 |
Abu Abdallah Muhammad IV al-Wathiq |
|
1411 |
Abu Tashufin Abd al-Rahman III |
|
1411 |
Sa'id Ibn Musa |
|
1411 - 1424 |
Abu Malik Abd al-Wahid |
|
1424 - 1428 |
Abu Abdallah Muhammad V |
|
1428 - 1430 |
Abu Malik Abd al-Wahid |
Restored. |
1430 |
Abu Abdallah Muhammad V |
Restored. |
1430 - 1462 |
Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad I al-Aqil |
|
1462 - 1469 |
Abu Abdallah Muhammad VI al-Mutawakkil |
|
1469 |
Abu Tashufin III |
|
1469 - 1504 |
Abu Abdallah Muhammad VII at-Thabiti |
|
1512 - 1517 |
Spain
conquers the country. |
1504 - 1517 |
Abu Abdallah Muhammad VIII at-Thabiti |
|
c.1500 |
The Barbary corsairs are attempting to establish an independent Algiers
state - battling
Spanish and Zayyanids alike. Ultimately the Barbary kings of Algiers do
not succeed, but their efforts focus regional affairs on the coastal city of
Algiers rather than the western inland city of Tlemcen. |
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BARBARY CORSAIRS
|
? - 1516 |
Selim al-Toumi al-Tha'alibi |
First Barbary corsair 'King of Algiers'. |
1516 - 1518 |
Baba Aruj |
Barbary corsair King of Algiers. |
1517 - 1518 |
Abu Hammu Musa III |
|
1518 |
Aruj al-Din Barbarossa |
Captured larger part of the kingdom. Killed by
Spain. |
1518 - 1528 |
Abu Hammu Musa III |
Restored. |
1518/1520 |
Khayr al-Din Barbarossa |
Brother
of Aruj. King of Algiers. |
1518 - 1529 |
Abu al-Abbas Ahmed Belkadi |
King of Algiers. |
1520 |
Algiers is attacked by the Kuku tribal leader Ahmad ibn al-Qadi and the
Hafsids.
The leader of the Barbary corsairs,
Khayr al-Din, retreats to Jijelli and increases his privateering. He re-conquers Algiers
in 1525, massacring Arabs and Kabyles who resist him. |
1528 - 1540 |
Abu Muhammad Abdallah II |
|
1529 - 1546 |
Khayr al-Din Barbarossa |
Restored King of Algiers. Won
Ottoman
support. |
1540 - 1541 |
Abu Abdallah Muhammad IX |
|
1541 - 1543 |
Ahmad II |
|
1543 |
Abu Abdallah Muhammad IX |
Restored. |
1543 - 1544 |
Spain
re-conquers the country. |
1544 - 1550 |
A combination of
Spanish encroachment along the coast and the intervention of the Ottoman Empire,
with the latter ostensibly taking up the Muslim cause against Christian
aggression, causes Algeria to be subsumed within the Ottoman Empire, being
governed as an autonomous province. |
1544 - 1550 |
Ahmad II |
Restored. |
|
1550 - 1555 |
al-Hassan |
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|
1555 |
A combination of
Spanish encroachment along the coast and the intervention of the Ottoman Empire,
with the latter ostensibly taking up the Muslim cause against Christian
aggression, causes Algeria to be subsumed within the Ottoman Empire, being
governed as an autonomous province from the Barbary corsair capital at
Algiers. |
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1834 |
Algiers is annexed by
France and created a colony. |
1954 - 1962 |
Attempting to free the country from
French
rule, the long and bloody Algerian War of Liberation begins. |
1962 |
Algeria wins independence from
France. |
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