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Austria
Only once the German Holy Roman Empire
was unified and strengthened by Otto I did Austria begin to emerge with any
identity of its own. Once the Habsburgs inherited the title, it became virtually
indivisible from that of Holy Roman Emperor, and then Emperor of Austria. However,
reignal numbering for the Habsburgs in Austria itself was often different to that
of the imperial title, due to the differing origins of the two bodies. |
15 BC - AD 445 |
The
region is part
of the Roman Empire. |
c.445 - 451 |
The Hunnic Empire
controls the area. |
c.451 - 488 |
The Ostrogoths' territory
now encompases the area. |
488 - 568 |
The
region falls under the control of the Lombards' until they move into Northern Italy. |
568 - 788 |
The
area falls to the Bavarians. |
788 - 843 |
The
region is conquered
and controlled as part of the Carolingian Empire of the
Western Franks. |
843 - 907 |
The Treaty of Verdun.
The
Western Franks secede from the
Germanic Empire, and Austria is controlled by the various
Frankish
rulers of the fledgling Holy Roman Empire. |
880 - 907 |
Aribo |
Also
ruled Styria. |
907 - 955 |
Austria
passes to Hungary, until the
latter is
defeated by Saxon emperor Otto
I. |
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Margraves of Austria (Regensburg)
Now that the German Holy Roman Empire
had full control of Austria, the title of Margrave was granted to its ruler. |
c.960 - 975 |
Burchard |
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Margraves of Austria (Babenburg) |
976 - 994 |
Leopold I |
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994 - 1018 |
Henry I |
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1018 - 1055 |
Adalbert |
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1055 - 1075 |
Ernest |
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1075 - 1102 |
Leopold II |
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1102 - 1136 |
Leopold III the Saint |
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1136 - 1141 |
Leopold IV |
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1141 - 1177 |
Henry II Jasomirgott |
Title elevated to duke of Austria (1156). |
1177 - 1194 |
Leopold V |
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1192 |
Austria
gains the margraviate of Styria. |
1194 - 1199 |
Frederick I |
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1199 - 1230 |
Leopold VI the Glorious |
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1230 - 1246 |
Frederick II the Warlike |
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1246 - 1248 |
Frederick III |
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Dukes of Austria (Zahringen) |
1248 - 1250 |
Herman |
Herman VI of
Baden. |
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Dukes of Austria (Przemyslid) |
1250 - 1278 |
Ottokar II the Great |
King of
Bohemia. Duke of
Carinthia. Margrave of
Slovenia, Margrave of
Styria. |
1278 |
Rudolf of Habsurg wrests the Duchy of Austria
from Ottokar, and kills the Przemysl king in battle on the Moravia Field, on
the right bank of the River Morava in Austria. |
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Dukes of Austria (Habsburg)
From this point forward, the Habsburg rulers of Austria became heavily involved
in the title of Holy Roman Emperor.
After several non-dynastic periods of rule, from 1438 onwards the two
titles became virtually indistinguishable. Following German custom, there
were some subdivisions created within Habsburg-controlled territory, but
no real power was handed out until 1379-1457, when the descendants of
Albert III and Leopold III ruled the duchy and the
Tyrol separately. |
1278 - 1282 |
Rudolf I of Habsburg |
HRE
(1273-1291), Duke of
Carinthia
(1276-1286). |
1282 - 1308 |
Albert I |
HRE (1298-1308). |
1282 - 1290 |
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Rudolph II |
Joint rule. |
1306 - 1307 |
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Rudolph III |
HRE (1306-1307).
King of Bohemia-Moravia (1306-1307). |
1308 - 1330 |
Frederick IV |
Rival
HRE (1325-1330). |
1308 - 1326 |
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Leopold VII |
Joint rule. |
1330 - 1358 |
Albert II the Wise |
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Archdukes of Austria (Habsburg)
The title of archduke was granted to Austria in 1359. It would be a further
seventy-nine years before a Habsburg gained the imperial throne again, but
once they did they held onto it for good. The descendants of Albert III
died out in 1457, and the divided lands were reunited under Frederick V. |
1358 - 1365 |
Rudolph IV |
Also Count of
Tyrol (1363-1365). |
1365 - 1395 |
Albert III |
Also Count of
Tyrol (1386-1395). |
1395 - 1404 |
Albert IV |
|
1404 - 1439 |
Albert V |
HRE
Albert II & King of Bohemia
(1437/8-1439), & Hungary. |
1420 |
Austria gains part of the partitioned province of
Istria. |
1439 - 1440 |
The title is vacant. |
1440 - 1457 |
Ladislas Posthumus |
King of
Bohemia (1439-1457). |
1457 - 1458 |
The title is vacant. |
1458 - 1493 |
Frederick V |
HRE Frederick III (1440-1493). Duke of
Carinthia. |
1493 - 1519 |
Maximilian I |
HRE (1493-1519),
Count of Tyrol
(1490-1519). |
1519 - 1520 |
Charles I |
HRE Charles V (1519-1556). |
1519 - 1534 |
Austria controls
Württemberg directly. |
1520 - 1564 |
Ferdinand I |
HRE
(1558-1564), Count of Tyrol
(1519), King of Bohemia
(1526), King of Croatia
(1527). |
1564 - 1576 |
Maximilian II |
HRE (1564-1576). |
1576 - 1608 |
Rudolf V |
HRE Rudolf II (1576-1612). |
1602 - 1605 |
Austria occupies
Transylvania. |
1608 - 1619 |
Matthias |
HRE (1612-1619). |
1619 - 1637 |
Ferdinand II |
HRE. |
1637 - 1657 |
Ferdinand III |
HRE. |
1657 - 1705 |
Leopold VIII |
HRE Leopold I. |
1665 |
Austria
permanently absorbs the County of Tyrol. |
1699 |
Austria
takes permanent control of Transylvania. |
1705 - 1711 |
Joseph I |
HRE. |
1711 - 1740 |
Charles II |
HRE Charles VI . |
1713 - 1735 |
Austria
is ceded Naples
and Sardinia by
Spain. |
1740 - 1780 |
Maria Theresa |
HRE.
Heiress of Austria. |
1740 - 1748 |
The War of Succession. |
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Archdukes of Austria (Lorraine-Habsburg / Baudemont) |
1780 - 1790 |
Joseph II |
HRE. |
1790 - 1792 |
Leopold II |
HRE. Died suddenly. |
1792 - 1806 |
Francis II |
HRE. Last Holy Roman Emperor. |
1797 |
Austria gains the remainder of the province of
Istria. |
1805 - 1814 |
Austria
loses the County of Tyrol to
Bavaria. |
1806 |
The formal end of the
Holy Roman Empire is
declared under the dictates of the
French Emperor
Napoleon I.
However, the Austrian Empire retains most of its eastern possessions and
is (to an extent) a continuation of the HRE in all but name. Archduke
Francis II of Austria becomes Emperor Francis I of the
Austrian Empire. |
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Emperors of Austria (Lorraine-Habsburg / Baudemont) |
1806 - 1835 |
Francis / Franz I |
Formerly
HRE Francis II. |
1835 - 1848 |
Ferdinand (IV) |
Died 1875. |
1848 - 1916 |
Francis / Franz Josef |
Born 1830. |
1914 |
The
heir to the throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, is assassinated by Serb
nationalists. The murder is used by Austria to declare war on
Serbia, from
which declaration the Great War results. |
1916 - 1918 |
Charles / Karl (III) |
Last Austrian Emperor.
Deposed (1918). Banished. |
1918 - 1919 |
On 11 November 1918 an
Austrian republic is declared by the World War I victors. The Austro-Hungarian Empire is
dismantled.
Hungary
is declared a separate republic.
Croatia
is merged with Serbia to form
Yugoslavia.
Transylvania is transferred to
Rumania.
Italy gains
Istria. |
1919 - 1938 |
The
Austrian First Republic is created. |
1938 - 1945 |
Austria is annexed to Nazi
Germany. |
1945 - 1950 |
Austria is subject to Allied military occupation. |
1950 |
The
Austrian Second Republic is created. |
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Hereditary Emperors of Austria
Karl III was expelled from his Austrian domains after the conclusion of
World War I and the empire was divided up into a series of democratic states
which helped to shape modern Europe. The archduke and his family were forced
out of Austria in 1919, and the Habsburg titles remain unrecognised there to
date.
(More details are available on the German language web site, below.)
RELATED LINK:
Otto von Habsburg |
1918 - 1922 |
Karl (III) von Habsburg |
Died 1922. |
1919 |
Otto
is forced to flee Austria on 24 March 1919. He goes into exile in
Switzerland. When his
father dies in 1922, he becomes head of the House of Habsburg with
his mother, French-born Empress Zita, as guardian.
Following a failed attempt to re-establish the empire in 1922, Otto is
exiled to Spain until 1929, Belgium (1929-1940 - where he studies at
university and gains a doctorate), France (1940), USA (1940-1944), and then France
& Spain (1944-1954). In 1951 Otto marries Princess Regina von Saxonia
Sachsen-Meiningen (b.1925). From 1966 he is allowed access into Austria, and
becomes a member
of the European Parliament for the CSU on 10 June 1979. In 1999 he stands
down for health reasons. |
1922 - Present |
Otto von Habsburg |
Son. Born 20 November 1912. |
1922 - 1930 |
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Zita von Bourbon-Parma |
Mother. Guardian. |
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Karl von Habsburg-Lothringen |
Son and heir.
Born 11 January 1961. |
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