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Switzerland
Not exactly part of Germany, Switzerland falls between the Western and Eastern
Frankish nations, and was, for long periods of its history, controlled by Franks.
It passed out of Roman control into
Burgundian
hands (AD 450-613), and was then under direct Frankish
control (and was attached to Frankish Neustria (613-719))
until 843. It passed to the Middle Franks (based in
Italy) until 869,
and then the Germanic Franks until 888. From there it went back into
Frankish
Burgundian control (888-1032), and thence to the
Franconian and later Holy Roman Emperors (1032-1648).
Modern Switzerland also encompasses the former county of
Lugano.
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1291 |
The Swiss
confederation arises. |
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1313 |
With the death of John Parricide, any claim to the former
Swabian duchy
dies with him. Large areas of its territory have already gone to the established county of
Württemberg
and the margraviate of Baden.
Territory formerly belonging to the
Alemanni people also later forms parts of
Austria (Vorarlberg),
France
(Alsace) and Switzerland, as well as the Bavarian Swabia region of
Bavaria. |
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1355 |
The Confederation achieves full autonomy. |
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1513 |
Lugano becomes the property of Switzerland
for the second and final time, following a brief period of ownership in
1501-1503. Between 1513-1798, it falls within the Bellinzona district.
Following the
French invasion of Switzerland under Napoleon Bonaparte, it is
transferred to the canton of Lugano within the Helvetic republic between 1798-1803.
It finds its final home within the canton of Ticino from 1803. |
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1648 |
Following
the end of the Thirty Years War and the Treaty of Westphalia, Switzerland
gains full independence from the
Austrian-dominated
Holy Roman Empire. |
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1798 - 1803 |
Switzerland
is seized by the
French First Republic, which reforms it into the Helvetian or Helvetic republic.
Lugano is
reorganised into the canton of Lugano, which unifies the former Landvogteien
of Lugano, Mendrisio, Locarno and Valmaggia. Always rather stormy and
unsettled, the Helvetian republic is abandoned in 1803 and Switzerland's
confederation is re-established. |
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1812 |
The Swiss explorer, Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, rediscovers the 'lost' city of
Petra, ancient capital of the
Nabataeans. |
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1815 |
Switzerland's 'perpetual neutrality' is guaranteed by the Congress of
Vienna, following the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars against
France. |
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1845 - 1847 |
A
constitutional crises escalates into civil war. |
1848 |
The
modern Swiss state is established, following reforms to the old system. |
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