|
|
The Bishops of Rome
AD 42 - Present
Anti-Popes are shown in brackets, except for those during the Great Schism. |
AD 42 - 67 |
St Peter |
Disciple of Jesus. Papal founder member. |
AD 67 |
Peter is crucified upside down by the
Romans, in
mockery of the execution of Jesus. |
67 - 76 |
St Linus |
|
76 - 88 |
St Anacletus |
|
88 - 97 |
St Clement I |
|
97 - 105 |
St Evaristus |
|
105 - 115 |
St Alexander I |
|
115 -125 |
St Sixtus I |
|
125 - 136 |
St Telesphorus |
|
136 - 140 |
St Hyginus |
|
140 - 155 |
St Pius I |
|
155 - 168 |
St Anicetus |
|
168 - 175 |
St Soterus |
|
175 - 189 |
St Eleutherius |
|
189 - 199 |
St Victor I |
|
199 - 217 |
St Zephirinus |
|
217 - 222 |
St Calixtus I |
|
|
[Hippolytus] |
|
222 - 230 |
St Urban I |
|
230 - 235 |
St Pontianus |
|
235 - 236 |
St Anterius |
|
236 - 251 |
St Fabianus |
|
251 - 253 |
St Cornelius |
|
|
[Novatianus] |
|
253 - 254 |
St Lucius I |
|
254 - 257 |
St Stephen I |
|
257 - 259 |
St Sixtus II |
|
259 - 269 |
St Dionysius |
|
269 - 275 |
St Felix I |
|
275 - 283 |
St Eutychianus |
|
283 - 296 |
St Caius |
|
296 - 304 |
St Marcellinus |
|
304 - 308 |
Vacant. |
308 - 309 |
St Marcellus I |
|
309 - 311 |
St Eusebius |
|
311 - 314 |
St Melchiades |
|
313 |
The Roman
emperor, Constantine the Great, confers imperial favour on the church with
the Edict of Milan. |
314 |
The Council of Arles, in which three bishops from
Britannia participate: Eborius of York, Restitutus of London, and
Adelphius of Lincoln or possibly Colchester. |
314 - 336 |
St Sylvester I |
First Bishop of Rome
to use the title of Pope. |
325 |
The First Council (Nicaea
I) is held by Constantine the Great. All of the fundamental basics of
Catholic Christianity are debated and decided, including which books to
include in the Bible (and which to discard because they do not fit the
specific message to be broadcast by the church), the date for Easter, and
the divinity of Jesus, whereas before he had usually been regarded by his
followers as an ordinary (if special) man. Arianism is also condemned; Nicene Creed. |
336 - 337 |
St Marcus (I) |
|
337 - 352 |
St Julius I |
|
352 - 366 |
Liberius |
|
356 |
[Felix II] |
|
359 |
The Council of Ariminum is held in Italy, and three bishops from
Britannia
participate. |
366 - 384 |
St Damasus I |
|
381 |
The Second Council
(Constantinople I) is held. Arianism is condemned. The Council definitively establishes Roman Catholic
orthodoxy. |
|
[Ursinus] |
|
384 - 399 |
St Siricius |
|
399 - 401 |
St Anastasius I |
|
401 - 417 |
St Innocent I |
|
417 - 418 |
St Zosimus |
|
418 - 422 |
St Boniface I |
|
|
[Eulatius] |
|
422 - 432 |
St Celestine I |
|
431 |
The Third Council
(Ephesus) is held. Nestorianism is condemned. |
432 - 440 |
St Sixtus III |
|
440 - 461 |
St Leo I |
Met Attila,
leader of the
Huns to discuss peace. |
451 |
The Fourth Council
(Chalcedon) is held. Monophysitism is condemned. The fatal disaffection of
Syria &
Egypt
is effected. |
461 - 468 |
St Hilarus (Hilary) |
|
468 - 483 |
St Simplicius |
|
483 - 492 |
St Felix III |
|
492 - 496 |
St Gelasius I |
Subject of
Odoacer's Gothic kingdom. |
496 - 498 |
St Anastasius II |
|
498 - 514 |
St Symmachus |
|
498 |
[Laurentius] |
|
514 - 523 |
St Hormisdas |
|
523 - 526 |
St John I |
|
526 - 530 |
St Felix IV |
|
530 - 533 |
Boniface II |
|
533 - 535 |
John II |
|
535 - 536 |
St Agapetus I |
|
536 - 537 |
St Sylverius |
|
537 - 556 |
Vigilius |
|
553 |
The Fifth Council
(Constantinople II) is held. Monophysitism is condemned again. |
556 - 561 |
Pelagius I |
|
561 - 575 |
John III |
|
575 - 579 |
Benedict I |
|
575 - 579 |
Benedict had been born into the Roman nobility in 480. He lives as a
mountain hermit before founding the famous Benedictine monastery at
Monte Cassino in Italy. He founds eleven more monasteries and survives an
assassination attempt by blessing a poisoned cup. Elected as the 62nd Pope,
his four year reign is troubled by war and famine. |
579 - 590 |
Pelagius II |
|
590 - 604 |
St Gregory I the Great |
|
604 - 607 |
Sabinianus |
|
607 - 608 |
Boniface III |
|
608 - 615 |
St Boniface IV |
|
615 - 619 |
St Deusdedit |
|
619 - 625 |
Boniface V |
|
625 - 638 |
Honorius I |
|
638 - 640 |
Vacant |
|
640 |
Severinus |
|
640 - 642 |
John IV |
|
642 - 649 |
Theodore I |
|
649 - 654 |
St Martin I |
Arrested and died in
exile in Crimea. |
654 - 657 |
St Eugenius I |
|
657 - 672 |
St Vitalianus |
|
672 - 676 |
Adeodatus |
|
676 - 678 |
Domnus (I) |
|
678 - 682 |
St Agathon |
|
680 - 681 |
The Sixth Council
(Constantinople III) is held. Monotheletism is condemned. |
682 - 684 |
St Leo II |
|
684 - 685 |
St Benedict II |
|
685 - 686 |
John V |
|
686 - 687 |
Conon |
|
687 - 701 |
St Sergius I |
His arrest was
ordered but
the Italian garrison refused. |
687 |
[Paschal] |
|
687 |
[Theodorus] |
|
701 - 705 |
John VI |
|
705 - 708 |
John VII |
|
708 |
Sisinnius |
|
708 - 715 |
Constantine I |
Last Pope to visit
Byzantine Constantinople. |
715 - 731 |
St Gregory II |
|
731 - 741 |
St Gregory III |
Appealed to the
Franks for help against
Lombards. |
741 - 752 |
St Zachary |
|
752 |
Stephen II |
|
752 - 757 |
Stephen III |
|
754 |
Pepin
III, king of the Carolingian
Franks, donates
the Byzantine Exarchate of
Ravenna to the Pope as the Papal States. |
757 - 768 |
St Paul I |
|
767 |
[Constantine II] |
|
|
[Philip] |
|
768 - 772 |
Stephen IV |
|
772 - 795 |
Adrian I |
|
787 |
The Seventh Council
(Nicaea II) is held. Iconoclasm is condemned under the guidance of
Byzantine
Empress Irene. |
795 - 816 |
St Leo III |
|
800 |
Leo
III crowns Charlemagne, king of the Carolingian
Franks,
Roman Emperor which gives the Papacy a basis for claiming sovereign rights
over the later Holy Roman Emperors. |
816 - 817 |
Stephen V |
|
817 - 824 |
St Paschal I |
|
824 - 827 |
Eugenius II |
100th (Official)
Pope. |
827 |
Valentinus |
|
827 - 844 |
Gregory IV |
|
844 - 847 |
Sergius II |
|
847 - 855 |
St Leo IV |
|
855 - 858 |
Benedict III |
|
855 |
[Anastasius] |
|
858 - 867 |
St Nicholas I |
|
867 - 872 |
Adrian II |
|
869 - 870 |
The Eighth Council
(Constantinople IV) is held. This patches up the filioque and other differences, is later repudiated by
the East, and is the last Oecumenical Council recognised by the West which includes the Eastern Church. |
872 - 882 |
John VIII |
|
882 - 884 |
Martin II |
|
884 - 885 |
St Adrian III |
|
885 - 891 |
Stephen VI |
|
891 - 896 |
Fromosus |
|
896 |
Boniface VI |
|
896 - 897 |
Stephen VII |
|
897 |
Romanus |
|
897 - 898 |
Theodore II |
|
898 - 900 |
John IX |
|
900 - 903 |
Benedict IV |
|
903 |
Leo V |
|
903 - 904 |
Christopher |
|
904 - 911 |
Sergius III |
|
911 - 913 |
Anastasius III |
|
913 - 914 |
Lando |
|
914 - 928 |
John X |
He crowned Tomislav,
first king of Croatia. |
928 |
Leo VI |
|
928 - 931 |
Stephen VIII |
|
931 - 936 |
John XI |
|
936 - 939 |
Leo VII |
|
939 - 942 |
Stephen IX |
|
942 - 946 |
Martin III |
|
946 - 955 |
Agapetus II |
|
955 - 964 |
John XII |
|
961 |
The Saxon
king, Otto, is crowned Roman Emperor after he
defeats the Magyars. |
963 |
[Leo VIII] |
|
964 - 965 |
Benedict V |
|
965 - 973 |
John XIII |
|
973 - 974 |
Benedict VI |
Strangled by a mob. |
974 |
[Boniface VII] |
|
974 |
[Domnus II] |
|
974 - 983 |
Benedict VII |
|
983 - 985 |
John XIV |
|
985 - 996 |
John XV |
|
996 - 999 |
Gregory V |
|
996 |
[John XVI] |
|
999 - 1003 |
Sylvester II |
|
1003 - 1004 |
John XVII |
|
1004 - 1009 |
John XVIII |
|
1009 - 1012 |
Sergius IV |
|
1012 - 1024 |
Benedict VIII |
|
1024 - 1032 |
John XIX |
|
1025 |
The Pope condones the elevation of the duchy of
Poland to a kingdom. |
1032 - 1044 |
Benedict IX |
First reign of three. |
1044 |
[Sylvester III] |
|
1045 |
Benedict IX |
Second reign of three |
1045 - 1046 |
Gregory VI |
|
1046 - 1048 |
Clement II |
|
1047 |
Benedict IX |
Third reign of three. |
1048 - 1049 |
Damasus II |
|
1049 - 1055 |
St Leo IX |
|
1053 - 1054 |
In 1053 the Pope is defeated and captured by the Count of
Apulia, while the
following year there is schism between the Eastern (Orthodox) and
Western (Catholic) Churches based at
Byzantium
and Rome respectively. |
1055 - 1057 |
Victor II |
|
1057 - 1058 |
Stephen X |
|
1058 - 1059 |
Benedict X |
|
1059 - 1061 |
Nicholas II |
|
1061 |
A decree
is proclaimed for the election
of Popes by a college of Cardinals. This is the beginning of the Papal heyday. |
1061 - 1073 |
Alexander II |
|
|
[Honorius (II)] |
|
1073 - 1085 |
St Gregory VII |
|
1074 |
Reforming pope Gregory VII excommunicates married priests in a bid to impose
strict clerical celibacy. |
1076 - 1122 |
A
long-running investiture
controversy begins in 1076. |
1080 |
[Clement (III)] |
|
1085 - 1086 |
Vacant |
|
1086 - 1088 |
Victor III |
|
1088 - 1099 |
Urban II |
|
1096 - 1099 |
The First Crusade
defeats the Seljuqs,
and captures Jerusalem. |
1099 - 1118 |
Paschal II |
|
1102 |
[Albert] |
|
1105 |
[Sylvester] |
|
1118 - 1119 |
Gelasius II |
|
1118 |
[Gregory (VIII)] |
|
1119 - 1124 |
Calixtus II |
|
1123 |
The First Lateran
Council is held. |
|
[Celestine] |
|
1124 - 1130 |
Honorius II |
|
1130 - 1143 |
Innocent II |
|
1139 |
The Second Lateran
Council is held. Benevento becomes
an outlying possession of the Papal States. |
|
[Anacletus II] |
|
1138 |
[Victor IV] |
|
1143 - 1144 |
Celestine II |
|
1144 - 1145 |
Lucius II |
|
1145 - 1153 |
Eugenius III |
|
1147 - 1149 |
The Second Crusade. |
1153 - 1154 |
Anastasius IV |
|
1154 - 1159 |
Adrian IV |
|
1159 - 1181 |
Alexander III |
|
1179 |
The
Third Lateran Council of the Catholic church calls a crusade against Cathar
heretics in Toulouse. |
1159 |
[Victor IV] |
|
1164 |
[Paschal III] |
|
1168 |
[Calixtus (III)] |
|
|
[Innocent (III)] |
|
1181 - 1185 |
Lucius III |
|
1185 - 1187 |
Urban III |
|
1187 |
Gregory VIII |
|
1187 - 1191 |
Clement III |
|
1189 - 1192 |
The Third Crusade sees
Cyprus
conquered from the
Byzantine Empire. |
1191 - 1198 |
Celestine III |
|
1198 - 1216 |
Innocent III |
|
1202 - 1204 |
The Fourth Crusade
witnesses the capture of
Constantinople by Crusaders in the employ of Venice, causing the first break
in the line of Eastern
Roman (Byzantine) emperors. |
1215 |
The Fourth Lateran
Council is held. |
1216 - 1227 |
Honorius III |
|
1217 - 1221 |
The Fifth Crusade (First Expedition). |
1227 - 1241 |
Gregory IX |
|
1228 - 1229 |
The Fifth Crusade (Second
Expedition). HRE Frederick II is excommunicated both for not
going on the Crusade and then for going on one and negotiating the possession of
Jerusalem (until 1244). |
1241 |
Celestine IV |
|
1241 - 1243 |
Vacant. |
1243 - 1254 |
Innocent IV |
|
1248 - 1254 |
The Sixth Crusade under
St Louis IX of France. |
1245 |
The First Council of Lyon
is held. |
1254 - 1261 |
Alexander IV |
|
1261 - 1265 |
Urban IV |
|
1265 - 1269 |
Clement IV |
|
1269 - 1271 |
Vacant. |
1271 - 1276 |
Gregory X |
|
1270 |
The Seventh Crusade under
St Louis IX of France gets no further than
Tunisia. |
1274 |
The Second Council of
Lyon is held. |
1276 |
Innocent V |
|
1276 |
Adrian V |
|
1276 - 1277 |
John XXI |
|
1277 - 1281 |
Nicholas III |
|
1281 - 1285 |
Martin IV |
|
1285 - 1288 |
Honorius IV |
|
1288 - 1292 |
Nicholas IV |
|
1292 - 1294 |
Vacant. |
1294 |
St Celestine V |
|
1294 - 1303 |
Boniface VIII |
Made the most
exaggerated claims for the mediaeval Papacy. Humiliated by Philip the Fair of
France. |
1303 - 1305 |
Benedict XI |
|
|
|
|
|
Lines of Popes reside
at Avignon, Rome, and Pisa during the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism. |
|
|
|
1305 - 1316 |
Clement V |
(Avignon). |
1311 - 1312 |
The Council of Vienna is held. |
1316 |
Vacant. |
1316 - 1334 |
John XXII |
(Avignon). |
1314 |
Edward II's defeat at Bannockburn by the
Scottish
under Robert the Bruce sees the start of a period in which the certainty of Scottish
independence from England
become more and more established. The
drawing up of
the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320 involves Pope John XXII in negotiations. |
|
[Nicholas (V)] |
(Rome). |
1334 - 1342 |
Benedict XII |
(Avignon). |
1342 - 1352 |
Clement VI |
(Avignon). |
1352 - 1362 |
Innocent VI |
(Avignon). |
1362 - 1370 |
Urban V |
(Avignon). |
1370 - 1378 |
Gregory XI |
(Rome). 200th
(Official) Pope. |
1378 - 1389 |
Urban VI |
(Rome). |
1378 |
An Anti-Pope is elected at Avignon. This is the start of the Great Schism. |
1378 - 1389 |
[Clement (VII)] |
(Avignon). |
1389 - 1404 |
Boniface IX |
(Rome). |
1394 - 1423 |
[Benedict (XIII)] |
(Avignon). |
1404 - 1406 |
Innocent VII |
(Rome). |
1409 |
The Council of Pisa adds a third Pope based at Pisa. |
1409 - 1410 |
Alexander V |
(Pisa). |
1406 - 1415 |
Gregory XII |
(Rome). |
1410 - 1415 |
[John (XXIII)] |
(Pisa). |
1414 - 1418 |
The Council of Constance
is called by Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund. A Papal interregnum
in 1415-1417 resolves the Great Schism, but the principle of the Council is a threat to Papal authority. |
1417 - 1431 |
Martin V |
|
1423 - 1429 |
[Clement (VIII)] |
(Avignon). |
1431 - 1447 |
Eugenius IV |
|
1431 - 1445 |
Council of Basil. |
|
1439 - 1449 |
[Felix (V)] |
Formerly
Duke Amadeus VIII of Savoy (1416-1434). |
1447 - 1455 |
Nicholas V |
The Renaissance
begins in this period. |
1455 - 1458 |
Calixtus III |
|
1458 - 1464 |
Pius II |
|
1464 - 1471 |
Paul II |
|
1471 - 1484 |
Sixtus IV |
|
1484 - 1492 |
Innocent VIII |
|
1492 - 1503 |
Alexander VI Borgia |
Formerly Bishop of Urgel, Joint Sovereign of
Andorra. |
1503 |
Pius III |
|
1503 - 1513 |
Julius II |
|
1512 - 1517 |
Julius II recovers by
combat all of the Papal States. Fifth Lateran Council. |
1513 - 1522 |
Leo X Medici |
The Reformation
begins at this time. |
1522 - 1523 |
Adrian VI |
|
1523 - 1534 |
Clement VII |
|
1527 |
Sack of Rome by Imperial/Spanish army. |
1534 - 1550 |
Paul III |
|
1545 - 1563 |
Council of Trent,
19th Ecumenical Council. |
1550 - 1555 |
Julius III |
|
1555 |
Marcellus II |
|
1555 - 1559 |
Paul IV |
|
1559 - 1566 |
Pius IV |
|
1566 - 1572 |
St Pius V |
|
1572 - 1585 |
Gregory XIII |
|
1582 |
On 5-15 October
1582 the Gregorian Calendar is instituted in Europe (but not in Great
Britain until 1752, and in Russia after 1815). |
1585 - 1590 |
Sixtus V |
|
1590 |
Urban VII |
|
1590 - 1591 |
Gregory XIV |
|
1591 - 1592 |
Innocent IX |
|
1592 - 1605 |
Clement VIII |
|
1605 |
Leo XI |
|
1605 - 1621 |
Paul V |
|
1621 - 1623 |
Gregory XV |
|
1623 - 1644 |
Urban VIII |
|
1644 - 1655 |
Innocent X |
|
1655 - 1667 |
Alexander VII |
|
1667 - 1670 |
Clement IX |
|
1670 - 1676 |
Clement X |
|
1676 - 1689 |
Innocent XI |
|
1689 - 1691 |
Alexander VIII |
|
1691 - 1700 |
Innocent XII |
|
1700 - 1721 |
Clement XI |
|
1721 - 1724 |
Innocent XIII |
|
1724 - 1730 |
Benedict XIII |
|
1730 - 1740 |
Clement XII |
|
1740 - 1758 |
Benedict XIV |
|
1758 - 1769 |
Clement XIII |
|
1769 - 1775 |
Clement XIV |
|
1775 - 1800 |
Pius VI |
|
1800 - 1823 |
Pius VII |
|
1801 |
Concordat with
Napoleon I. |
1823 - 1829 |
Leo XII |
|
1829 - 1831 |
Pius VIII |
|
1831 - 1846 |
Gregory XVI |
|
1846 - 1878 |
Pius IX |
|
1859 - 1870 |
Loss of Papal States. |
1869 - 1870 |
First Vatican
Council. |
1878 - 1903 |
Leo XIII |
|
1903 - 1914 |
St Pius X |
|
1914 - 1922 |
Benedict XV |
|
1914 |
Benedict attempts to suggest a truce at Christmas 1914. The Germans accept
but he is generally snubbed by the Allies. |
1922 - 1939 |
Pius XI |
|
1929 |
Concordat with
Mussolini. |
1939 - 1958 |
Pius XII |
|
1958 - 1963 |
John XXIII |
|
1962 - 1965 |
Second Vatican
Council. |
1963 - 1978 |
Paul VI |
|
1978 |
John Paul I |
Became ill and died
just months after investiture. |
1978 - 2005 |
John Paul II |
264th (Official)
Pope. First Polish Pope. d.2 April aged 84. |
2005 - Present |
Benedict XVI |
Conservative Bavarian cardinal John Ratzinger. Selected 19.04 |
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