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Jat Sikh Minor Kingdoms
The Jats
Sikhs were
mainly Hindus who converted to Sikhism in the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries in
India. Out
of the twelve Sikh misls (clan confederacies), almost seven happened to be
from the Jat Sikh community. Their most prominent son was Maharaja Ranjit
Singh who established the first
Sikh
kingdom in Lahore (now in
Pakistan).
Other prominent Jat Sikh states included
Patiala,
Nabha, Jind,
Faridkot,
Kalsia and
Kapurthala.
(Information by Abhijit Rajadhyaksha.) |
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Jat Sikh Kings of Faridkot (Kot Kapura)
AD 1705 - 1989
Faridkot was a
Jat Sikh princely state that is now part of the modern
Indian state
of Punjab. It began its life as the state of Kot Kapura, which quickly broke
up, the original core of the state later being subsumed within
Nabha. A division of Kot Kapura which
included Faridkot became the heart of an independent minor kingdom of the
same name. Its royal family claims descent from Jaisal, the founder of
Jaisalmer and ancestor of the kings of
Patiala.
(Information by Abhijit Rajadhyaksha.) |
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Sangar |
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Bhallan |
Son. Died 1643. |
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Lala |
Brother. |
1705 - 1708 |
Chaudhary Kapura Singh |
Son. Born 1628. First king of Kot Kapura. |
1708 |
Chaudhary Kapura Singh had converted to
Sikhism
and founded the state of Kot Kapura in 1705. However, following his
death, disputes arise amongst his grandsons which result in the
eventual division of the state. The main state of Kot Kapura remains
with Sardar Jodh Singh Brar, while his younger brother, Hamir
Singh (son of Sardar Sukha Singh) gains Faridkot.
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Kot Kapura may have been divided, but the state kept Faridkot
and this palace
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1708 - ? |
Sardar Jodh Singh Brar |
Grandson. King of Kot Kapura. |
1708 - 1763 |
Following the death of Sardar Jodh Singh Brar, the state
of Kot Kapura is absorbed by Nabha.
It may be possible that for a time he also holds Faridkot itself, until
later in his reign or until his death (the date of which is unknown). The
first king of Faridkot is Hamir Singh, whose rule does not begin until 1763. |
1763 |
Gurbaksh Singh captures many villages around
Chachrauli district, Dera Bassi in
Patiala, Chirak in
Faridkot, and Bambeli in Hoshiarpur district. He is granted the estate of
Chachrauli by the
Sikh
king, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, which is renamed
Kalsia. |
1763 - 1782 |
Hamir Singh |
Grandson of Chaudhary Kapura Singh. First king
of Faridkot. |
1782 - 1798 |
Mohar Singh |
Son. |
1798 - 1804 |
Charat Singh |
Son. |
1804 |
Dal Singh |
Uncle. |
1804 - 1826 |
Sardar Gulab Singh |
Son of Charat Singh. |
1807 - 1809 |
Maharaja
Ranjit Singh of Lahore, the first
Sikh
king, annexes both Kot Kapura and Faridkot to his kingdom (much of which is
given as a jagir to Diwan Mokam Chand). With the help of the
British
in
India, Gulab Singh
regains Faridkot in 1809. |
1826 - 1827 |
Sardar Attar Singh |
Son. |
1827 - 1849 |
Raja Pahar Singh |
Cousin. |
1844 - 1845 |
The
British
in India annexe
Sindh in 1844, and the
Sikhs attack British divisions at Ferozepur. The First Anglo-Sikh War
is triggered in 1845, and Pahar Singh (along with his son, Wazir Singh, and
grandson, Bikram Singh) assists the British. He is rewarded with the title
of 'raja', plus territories from the states of
Nabha and Kot Kapura. |
1849 - 1874 |
Raja Wazir Singh |
Son. |
1857 - 1858 |
Wazir Singh assists the
British
in India
during the Indian Mutiny (or Great Sepoy Mutiny), following which the British
Viceroys are
established to replace the
Moghuls
as the highest power in the land. |
1874 - 1898 |
Raja Bikram Singh |
Son. |
1898 - 1906 |
Raja Balbir Singh |
Son. |
1906 - 1918 |
Raja Brijindar Singh |
Nephew and adopted son. |
1914 - 1918 |
Brijindar
Singh does his part for the
British
during the First World War. He is rewarded with the title of 'maharaja'. |
1918 - 1989 |
Raja Harinder Singh |
Son. Last king of Faridkot. Died 1989. |
1947 |
The dominion of
India
is formed on 15 August 1947 following the official handover of power by the
British.
The kingdom is subsumed within the republic and its ruler left
with just his title. |
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Har Mohinder Singh |
Son. Killed in motorbike accident in 1989. |
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Harinder Singh spends the first years of his reign being
assisted by a regent. He later serves in the
British
army, and survives his son, Har Mohinder Singh, to become the last titular
king of Faridkot. |
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Jat Sikh Kings of Jind
AD 1763 - 1948
Jind is a district which lies in the modern state of
Haryana in
India. The
royal family of Jind shares its
Jat Sikh ancestry with the royals of
Patiala and
Nabha in the form of Chaudhary Phul Singh Patiala.
(Information by Abhijit Rajadhyaksha.) |
late 1600s |
Chaudhary Phul Singh |
King of
Patiala. |
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Chaudhary Tiloka |
Son. |
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Chaudhary Sukchain |
Younger son. |
1763 - 1789 |
Raja Gajpat Singh |
Son. |
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Gajpat Singh inherits the Badrukhan estates from his
father. He defaults in paying his arrears to the
Moghul Emperor
Shah Alam II. For this he is imprisoned and released only after the arrears
have been paid. As a reward he is declared raja (king) by the emperor. He
subsequently erects a fort at Jind, which
becomes his capital. |
1789 - 1819 |
Raja Sri Bagh Singh |
Son. Suffered a paralytic stroke and wife ruled
in his name. |
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Sri Bagh Singh gains control over Basia and Ludhiana
and receives Gohana and Kharkhoda as a jagir (estate) from
Moghul Emperor
Shah Alam II. He also enters into a treaty with the
British
East India Company and
fights against the Marathas. In return he is grated territories in Shahajahanabad. |
? - 1819 |
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Rani Sri Sadar Kaur Sahiba |
Wife and regent. |
1819 - 1822 |
Raja Sri Fateh Singh |
Son. |
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Sri Fateh Singh accepts
British
help to suppress a rebellion by his younger brother, Partab Singh. |
1822 - 1834 |
Raja Sri Sangat Singh |
Son. Hedonistic and probably died of alcoholism, childless. |
1822 - ? |
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Rani Mai Sahib Kaur |
Mother and regent until Sri Sangat reached
maturity. |
1837 - 1864 |
Raja Sir Sri Swarup Singh |
Second cousin. Died of acute dysentery. |
1857 - 1858 |
Sri Swarup Singh assists the British
during the Indian Mutiny (or Great Sepoy Mutiny), following which the British
Viceroys
are established to replace the
Moghuls as the highest power in the land. Afterwards, Jind receives
several territories from the British. |
1864 - 1887 |
Raja Sir Raghubir Singh |
Son. Outlived his son, the father of Sri Ranbir
Singh. |
1887 - 1948 |
Raja Sir Brigadier Sri Ranbir Singh |
Grandson. Fought in the
British
army. Died 1948. |
1947 |
The dominion of
India
is formed on 15 August 1947 following the official handover of power by the
British.
The kingdom is subsumed within the republic and its ruler left
with just his title. |
1948 - 1959 |
Raja Sri Rajbir Singh |
Son. |
1959 - Present |
Raja Sri Satbir Singh |
Son. |
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Jat Sikh Kings of Kalsia
AD 1763 - 1948
Kalsia was a
Jat Sikh princely state
which is now located in the modern
Indian
state of Haryana. Gurbaksh
Singh was a member of the Karora Singhia misl, and it was he who captured
many villages around Chachrauli district, Dera Bassi in
Patiala, Chirak in
Faridkot, and Bambeli in Hoshiarpur
district. He was granted the estate of Chachrauli by the
Sikh
king, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, which was renamed Kalsia after his native
village (the village is now in
Pakistan).
(Information by Abhijit Rajadhyaksha.) |
1763 - 1785 |
Sardar Gurbaksh Singh |
Founder of Kalsia. |
1785 - 1818 |
Sardar Jodh Singh |
Son. |
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Jodh Singh captures Dera Bassi from Sardar Khajan Singh
and also Lohal and Achrak.
Sikh
ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh awards him with Badala, Kameri, and Chhabal. He dies after being fatally wounded
during the Battle of Multan in 1818. |
1818 - 1858 |
Sardar Sobha Singh |
Son. |
1858 - 1869 |
Sardar Lahna Singh |
Son. |
1857 - 1858 |
Lahna Singh assists the British
during the Indian Mutiny (or Great Sepoy Mutiny), following which the British
Viceroys
are established to replace the
Moghuls as the highest power in the land. |
1869 - 1883 |
Sardar Bishen Singh |
Son. m daughter of
Raja Raghubir Singh of Jind. |
1883 - 1886 |
Sardar Jagjit Singh |
Son. Died a minor. |
1886 - 1908 |
Sardar Ranjit Singh |
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1908 - 1947 |
Raja Sardar Ravi Sher Singh |
Son. Last monarch of Kalsia. |
1947 - 1961 |
Raja Sardar Karan Sher Singh |
Son. |
1947 |
The dominion of
India
is formed on 15 August 1947 following the official handover of power by the
British.
The kingdom is subsumed within the republic and its ruler left
with just his title. Following the very recent death of his father, Karan Sher
Singh has to relinquish control over his state. |
1961 - Present |
Raja Sardar Himmat Sher Singh |
Son. |
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Jat Sikh Kings of Kapurthala
AD 1777 - 1948
Kapurthala was a princely state of considerable
significance, and can now be found located within the modern
Indian
state of Punjab. The rulers of this
Jat Sikh state belonged to the Ahluwalia dynasty.
(Information by Abhijit Rajadhyaksha.) |
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Sardar Sadhu Singh |
Zamindar of forty villages. |
1772 -1783 |
Sardar Jassa Singh |
Son. Founder of Kapurthala. |
1777 |
Leader of Ahluwalia misl, Jassa Singh seizes Kapurthala
from Rai Ibrahim, chief of the Bhatti. Then he expands his kingdom as far as
the banks of the River Jumna. |
1783 - 1801 |
Sardar Bagh Singh |
Cousin. Lost a large amount of territory. |
1801 - 1837 |
Sardar Fateh Singh |
Son. |
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Fateh Singh serves as part of Maharaja Ranjit Singh's
Sikh army
and fights several successful battles. He is bestowed with territories which
include Dakah, Kot, Jagraoh, Talwandi, Narayangad, and Raipur (Malva).
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Jagajit Palace in Kapurthala
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1837 - 1852 |
Sardar Nihal Singh |
Son. |
1845 |
Nihal
Singh fights on the side of the
Sikhs against the
British in
India
during the Anglo-Sikh War. He receives Nur Mahal and Kalal Majra
for his efforts but is penalised by the British with the confiscation of
his territories south of Sutlej. |
1852 - 1870 |
Sardar Sir Randhir Singh |
Son. |
1857 - 1858 |
Randhir Singh assists the
British
during the Indian Mutiny (or Great Sepoy Mutiny), following which the British
Viceroys are established
to replace the
Moghuls as the highest power in the land. Randhir is granted territories
in Oudh as a reward. |
1870 - 1877 |
Sardar Kharak Singh |
Son. |
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Kharak Singh is declared mentally instable,
so he has to accept a regency council and later a
British
superintendent to oversee the administration of the state. |
1877 - 1949 |
Sardar Major-General Jagatjit Singh |
Son. Last king of Kapurthala. |
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Jagatjit Singh joins the
British army and gradually rises to
the rank of
major-general. He is awarded the Grand Cross Legion of Honour (by
France),
the Grand Cordon of
the Order of the Nile, and has major decorations bestowed upon him by
Cuba,
Peru,
Chile and
Morocco. He also represents
India in the League of Nations in 1926, 1927,
and 1929. |
1947 |
The dominion of
India
is formed on 15 August 1947 following the official handover of power by the
British.
The kingdom is subsumed within the republic and its ruler left
with just his title. |
1949 - 1955 |
Sardar Colonel Paramjit Singh |
Son. Served in the
British
army. |
1955 - Present |
Sardar Sri Sukhjit Singh |
Son. Served in the
Indian
army. |
1971 |
Sri Sukhjit Singh wins the Mahavir Chakra, the second highest
gallantry award, during the
Indo-Pakistan
War after Pakistan launches a pre-emptive strike on eleven
Indian airbases. The war lasts
just thirteen days. Following this, East Pakistan succeeds from West Pakistan to
become Bangladesh. |
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Jat Sikh Kings of Nabha
AD 1755 - 1948
Nabha is a city in the
Patiala district of
Punjab. Like Patiala and Jind, the Nabha
royal family also claims descent from Jaisal and Chaudhary Phul Singh of the
Jat Sikh kingdom of Patiala. Sardar
Hamir Singh, the great grandson of Tiloka, one of the sons of Chaudhary Phul
Singh, founded the state of Nabha. It included a sizable portion of the state
of Kot Kapur, which had fragmented after
1708.
(Information by Abhijit Rajadhyaksha.) |
late 1600s |
Chaudhary Phul Singh |
King of
Patiala. |
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Chaudhary Tiloka Chand |
Son. |
1718 - 1754 |
Chaudhary Gurditta |
Son. |
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Sardar Suratya Singh |
Son. Died 1752 at Fort Dhanaula. |
1754 - 1783 |
Sardar Hamir Singh |
Son. Founder of the state of Nabha in 1755. |
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Sardar Hamir Singh fights alongside the
Sikhs against
the
Moghuls. |
1783 - 1840 |
Raja Jaswant Singh |
Son. Assumed title of 'raja'. |
1840 - 1846 |
Raja Devendra Singh |
Son. |
1845 |
Devendra
Singh is charged by the
East India Company with siding with the
Sikhs during the Anglo-Sikh
War. The king is deposed in favour of his eldest son, Bharpur. Nabha's
territories are confiscated, many of them being handed to
Faridkot. |
1846 - 1863 |
Raja Bharpur Singh |
Son. Died without a male heir. |
1857 - 1858 |
Bharpur Singh assists the British
during the Indian Mutiny (or Great Sepoy Mutiny), following which the British
Viceroys are established
to replace the
Moghuls as the highest power in the land. Nabha's territories are
restored to the king. |
1863 - 1871 |
Raja Bhagwan Singh |
Brother. Died without a male heir. |
1871 - 1911 |
Raja Sir Hira Singh |
Son of Sardar Sukha Singh of Badrukhan (Jind). |
1911 - 1928 |
Raja Ripudaman Singh |
Son. |
1928 |
Ripudaman Singh is deposed due to local
Sikh politics.
He later intrigues with a religious group against the
British and
is exiled to Kodaikanal in Madras where he dies. |
1928 - 1995 |
Raja Colonel Pratap Singh |
Son. Last king of Nabha. Retained his title only. |
1947 |
The dominion of
India
is formed on 15 August 1947 following the official handover of power by the
British.
The kingdom is subsumed within the republic and its ruler left
with just his title. |
1995 - Present |
Raja Hanuwant Singh |
Son. |
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Yudhistir Singh |
Son and heir. |
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