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Seljuq
Sultanate of Rum (Konya / Iconium)
AD 1086 - 1308
The sultanate of Rum was established in territory in Asia Minor, formerly
a possession of the
Eastern Roman empire.
It was one of a number of minor states to be created by the first mass
migration of Turks
from east of the Caspian Sea.
After the main Seljuq force had conquered
Persia and taken
Baghdad, a splinter group defeated the Byzantines in Anatolia and founded
Rum ('Rome'), initially under Persian Seljuq suzerainty. Rum, alternatively
known as Konya or Iconium, was one of the most powerful Turkic Anatolian
states.
To its south, in Cilicia, the kingdom of
Lesser
Armenia was founded in 1080, while the
Crusader state of
Edessa was founded to
the south-east in 1098. |
1060 - 1078 |
Kutulmush |
Vied for the rule of Seljuq
Baghdad in 1063. |
1064 |
Armenia is conquered.
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A stone relief of Seljuq cavalry, which swept through Persia,
northern Mesopotamia, Syria, and Anatolia in the eleventh
century
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1071 & 1074 |
A unit
of six hundred
Alani
fight in 1071 under the command of the
Byzantines
against the Seljuq
Turks and a further
six thousand men in 1074 fight against the
Normans in
Italy. This cooperation
lasts only a short because the Alani are badly paid. |
1078 - 1086 |
Süleyman I |
Son. First sultan of Rum. |
1085 |
Antioch is taken from the
Byzantines
and held for just thirteen years before it is lost to the
Crusader
principality of
Antioch. |
1092 - 1107 |
Kilij Arslan I |
|
1107 - 1116 |
Malik Shah |
|
1116 - 1156 |
Masud I |
|
1156 - 1192 |
Kilij Arlsan II |
|
1176 |
The Byzantines
are defeated at the Battle of Myriocephalon. |
1192 - 1196 |
Kaikhosru I |
|
1196 - 1204 |
Süleyman II |
|
1204 |
Kilij Arlsan III |
|
1204 - 1210 |
Kaikhosru I |
Restored. |
1210 - 1220 |
Kaikawus I |
|
1220 - 1237 |
Kaikubad I /
Kayqubad I |
Died unexpectedly of natural causes. |
1237 |
Al Ashraf of Damascus
has been growing more and more discontented with the overlordship of his
brother, al Kamil I of
Egypt. He forms an alliance with Sultan Kaikubad I and minor Ayyubid
rulers with the intention of breaking al Kamil's hold on the region.
However, both Kaikubad and al Ashraf die of natural causes in the same year,
ending the alliance. |
1237 - 1245 |
Kaikhosru II |
|
1243 |
The sultanate is struck heavily by the all-conquering
Mongols
and becomes a vassal state. The Seljuqs begin to disintegrate, despite
attempts to retain the sultanate's cohesiveness. |
1246 - 1257 |
Kaikawus II |
|
1248 - 1265 |
Kilij Arslan IV |
|
1249 - 1257 |
Kaikubad II /
Kayqubad II |
|
1265 - 1282 |
Kaikhosru III |
|
1282 - 1304 |
Masud II |
|
1284 - 1307 |
Kaikubad III /
Kayqubad III |
|
1307 - 1308 |
Masud III |
|
1308 |
The sultanate collapses in the face of
Mongol overlordship. |
1308 - 1336 |
Anatolia
is ruled on behalf of the
Mongols
by a regional governor, with the
Ottoman Turks
making substantial inroads to the west. |
1336 |
The
Mongol
sultanate of the
Jalayirids establishes
control over the region. |
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